Abstract Iconography and artifacts from Chavín de Huántar attest to the importance of psychoactive substances consumed nasally as snuff, and consequently hallucinogens other than San Pedro cactus must have been utilized. This article presents iconographic evidence from a Chavín de Huántar sculpture demonstrating the religious significance of Anadenanthera sp. (vilca), a plant containing the...
Humana Press eBooksAugust 26, 2011Javed Khan, Thomas J. Kennedy, Donnell R. Christian3 citations
Phenethylamines are introduced as a class of illicit drugs. The structure and forensic identification of amphetamine, methamphetamine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, aka ecstasy), ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, cathinone, methcathinone, khat, and mescaline are presented. A detailed discussion on optical isomerism is...
Salvia divinorum is a perennial sage native to Oaxaca, Mexico, that has been used traditionally in divination rituals and as a treatment for the "semimagical" disease panzón de borrego. Because of the intense "out-of-body" experiences reported after inhalation of the pyrolized smoke, S. divinorum has been gaining popularity as a recreational hallucinogen, and the United States and several other...
Reviewed by: Darwin’s Pharmacy: Sex, Plants, and the Evolution of the Noösphere Derek Risse (bio) Richard M. Doyle, Darwin’s Pharmacy: Sex, Plants, and the Evolution of the Noösphere. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011, 368 pp. $70.00 cloth, 35.00 paper. Bringing together discourses of rhetoric, information science, and the life sciences, the final text in Richard Doyle’s “Transhuman...
Epidemiological studies indicate that maternal influenza viral infection increases the risk for schizophrenia in the adult offspring. The serotonin and glutamate systems are suspected in the etiology of schizophrenia, as well as in the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. The effects of hallucinogens, such as psilocybin and mescaline, require the serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor, and induce...
Serotonergic hallucinogens produce profound changes in perception, mood, and cognition. These drugs include phenylalkylamines such as mescaline and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), and indoleamines such as (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin. Despite their differences in chemical structure, the two classes of hallucinogens produce remarkably similar subjective effects in...
Recent years have shown an increase in the use of the so-called “designer drugs.” This term is usually applied to recreational drugs that are new, synthetic and emerge as unscheduled drugs since they have not been in existence long enough to be illegal. These drugs are usually available at “head shops”, tobacco stores, gas stations and via the internet. Several such classes have gained...
CRC Press eBooksNovember 8, 2010Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos, Joseph Sherma2 citations
This group of alkaloids is structurally based on 2-phenylethylamine, which was isolated together with its N-methyl derivative from Accacia prominent. Many analogues of phenylethylamines are hallucinogenic substances that exist naturally but can also be produced synthetically. As regards hallucinogenic phenylethylamines, mescaline is one of greatest importance. This is the main alkaloid of the...
In the present work, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method was used to predict the psychometric activity values (as mescaline unit, log MU) of 48 phenylalkylamine derivatives from their density functional theory (DFT) calculated molecular descriptors and an artificial neural network (ANN). In the first step, the molecular descriptors were obtained by DFT calculation at...
Reviewed by: Psychedelic Psychiatry: lsd from Clinic to Campus Ian Dowbiggin Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD from Clinic to Campus. Erika Dyck. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. Pp. 216, $35.00 cloth I’ve lived long enough to remember the 1960s when movies such as Reefer Madness, a film about the health dangers of marijuana, were considered square, moralistic, and unscientific. Then...