DescriptionThis preprint proposes a new biological classification for N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT): crisis-linked endogenous consciousness modulators (cECMs). Using six mechanistically grounded, falsifiable criteria—endogenous neural biosynthesis, deep evolutionary conservation, ultra-rapid pharmacokinetics, multi-receptor promiscuity, crisis-linked release, and induction of information-rich...
Amid an evolving psychedelic drug policy landscape and limitations of existing substance use disorder (SUD) treatments, a novel addiction recovery paradigm has emerged involving augmentation of 12-Step program engagement with therapeutic psychedelic use. A preliminary qualitative analysis was initiated to describe this movement by examining real-world experiences of participants in remission...
Triggered by Aldous Huxley’s 1954 description of mescaline as “cleansing the doors of perception” and Ido Hartogsohn’s consideration of the cultural set and setting regarding drug use, this article attempts to demonstrate and delineate a particular discourse about drug effects that was prevalent in 20th-century Western culture until at least the 1960s. As shown by the analysis of several drug...
Psychedelics are mind-altering substances that have shown promising effects in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders owing to their antidepressant, anxiolytic and antiaddictive effects. However, data on their developmental toxicity is scarce, which might hinder its therapeutic suitability, and preclinical data on their behavioral effects is mainly restricted to rodents. In this context,...
Psychedelics have a profound potential to catalyze psychological transformation and support traditional cultures and ways of life. However, many naturally occurring psychoactive plants and animals are facing threats from climate change, habitat loss and other anthropogenic pressures like overharvesting. In this narrative review we examine the conservation issues pertaining to some of the most...
Major depression affects about 280 million people worldwide and costs around 326 billion dollars per year in the United States, though the standard medications take 2-3 months to take effect, so faster and longer-lasting treatments are needed.Serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, DMT or ayahuasca, LSD, and mescaline can reduce depression and anxiety symptoms after only one or two doses,...
INTERdisciplinaAugust 30, 2025Genlizzie Elizabeth Garibay Munguía
This article aims to understand how contemporary psychedelic capitalism, through medicalization, regulation, and commodification of ancestral psychoactive substances (such as psilocybin mushrooms, peyote, ayahuasca and others), reproduces dynamics of biopiracy and bioappropriation that exploit the territories, knowledge, and practices of indigenous communities. From a critical perspective...
Chapter 7 examines the rich and surprising history of psychedelics and religious life in the Americas, and in modern American life. The sacred drugs du jour now and likely into the future are psychedelics. LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, DMT, ayahuasca, and mescaline are several of the organic and synthetic psychoactive, serotonergic agents that have entered popular consciousness and are in the process...
The classical psychedelics (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and mescaline exert their psychedelic effects via activation of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor (5-HT2AR). Recent clinical studies have suggested that classical psychedelics may additionally have therapeutic potential for many neuropsychiatric conditions including depression, anxiety, migraine and cluster headaches, drug...
Background: Although classic psychedelic trials show therapeutic potential, the limited diversity of participants raises concerns about generalizability and safety. Aims: This study assesses the representation of race, ethnicity, and sex in interventional clinical trials of psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to evaluate disparities in participant diversity. Methods: We conducted a...