Trends in Cognitive Sciences
June 2012
Yi-Yuan Tang, Mary K Rothbart, Michael I Posner
Although the study of brain states is an old one in neuroscience, there has been growing interest in brain state specification owing to MRI studies tracing brain connectivity at rest. In this review, we summarize recent research on three relatively well-described brain states: the resting, alert, and meditation states. We explore the neural correlates of maintaining a state or switching between...
Consciousness and Cognition
June 1, 2012
Philip Goff
A zombie is a physical duplicates of a human being which lacks consciousness. A ghost is a phenomenal duplicate of a human being whose nature is exhausted by consciousness. Discussion of zombie arguments, that is anti-physicalist arguments which appeal to the conceivability of zombies, is familiar in the philosophy of mind literature, whilst ghostly arguments, that is, anti-physicalist...
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
June 1, 2012
Christian G Allesch
In 1925, the German biologist and philosopher Hans Driesch published a booklet entitled The Crisis in Psychology. It was originally published in English and was based on lectures given at various universities in China, Japan and the USA. The "crisis" in psychology of that time, in Driesch's opinion, lies in the necessity to decide about "the road which psychology is to follow in the future"....
NeuroQuantology
June 1, 2012
Ümit Sayın
17 citations
Altered states of consciousness induced by hallucinogens (H-ASC) is still a vaguely understood phenomenon. Taken the diverse psychological effects they exert, the main mechanism of action of hallucinogens; LSD, ibogaine, THC, PCP, MDMA, methamphetamine, mescaline, psilocybin and DMT, of which psychological effects are discussed in the article, are not properly understood and explained by the...
HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies
May 21, 2012
Stephen D. Edwards
The central thesis of this article was that the phenomenon of hope involves states and stages of consciousness development, which can be enhanced through breath control, meditation, prayer and related practices that have formed the essence of various spiritual healing traditions for millennia. In particular, it was argued that breath control can provide a vital foundation for consciousness...
Psychological Medicine
May 2012
E Peters, Tineke Lataster, K Greenwood et al.
Psychological models of psychosis were examined using Experience Sampling Methods (ESM) to explore relationships between dimensions and appraisals of key symptoms and affect. Individuals were signalled to complete ESM booklets 10 times per day for six consecutive days; 534 data points were obtained from 12 out-patients with psychosis. Although only 3.6% of spontaneous thoughts were psychosis...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
May 1, 2012
Stephen M Fleming, Raymond J Dolan, Christopher D Frith
Many complex systems maintain a self-referential check and balance. In animals, such reflective monitoring and control processes have been grouped under the rubric of metacognition. In this introductory article to a Theme Issue on metacognition, we review recent and rapidly progressing developments from neuroscience, cognitive psychology, computer science and philosophy of mind. While each of...
Oxford Handbooks Online
May 1, 2012
Lawrence A. Shapiro
8 citations
The article explains the history, core concepts, methodological practices, and future prospects of embodied cognition. Cognitivism treats cognition, including perception, as a constructive process in which computational operations transform a static representation into a goal state. Cognition begins with an input representation so that the psychological subject can be conceived as a passive...
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science
May 1, 2012
Andrew Melnyk
3 citations
Materialism is nearly universally assumed by cognitive scientists. Intuitively, materialism says that a person's mental states are nothing over and above his or her material states, while dualism denies this. Philosophers have introduced concepts (e.g., realization and supervenience) to assist in formulating the theses of materialism and dualism with more precision, and distinguished among...
Husserl Studies
April 27, 2012
Wolfgang Fasching
This paper discusses the nature of consciousness' intrinsic intentionality from a transcendental-phenomenological viewpoint. In recent philosophy of mind the essentially intentional character of consciousness has become obscured because the latter is predominantly understood in terms of "qualia" or the "what-it-is-like-ness" of mental states and it is hard to see why such subjective "feels", of...