Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
2002
Matthew J. Baggott
Increasing use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") has been accompanied by concern about acute and possible long-term toxicity. This article discusses acute serious toxicity, chronic toxicity, and common problems associated with Ecstasy use, as well as the implications of these areas for prevention programs targeted at current Ecstasy users. The low incidence of serious...
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
2002
Gregory N Hayner
The demand for MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) has increased, especially among teenagers 12 to 18 years old. It is estimated that approximately 2.8 million teens have at least tried this drug. Coincident with this trend has been an increasing body of literature that questions the safety of MDMA consumption in terms of possibly permanent neurological damage, associated with behavioral and...
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
January 2002
Darius Rejali, Paul Glen, Nicholas Odom
Ecstasy is a class A controlled drug often consumed by the young population for recreational purposes. Documented complications of its use include hyperpyrexia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. We report on two patients who developed pneumomediastinum after Ecstasy abuse. Both patients obtained and consumed the drug at the same establishment and...
Substance Use & Misuse
2002
Paolo Nencini
17 citations
Current psychobiological models of drug addiction are focused on the capability of drugs to cause a pathological exploitation of the neural rewarding system. This approach has emphasized the role of hedonistic factors in the etiology of drug addiction. Comparing primitive and modern settings of intoxication, such as shamanic rituals and rave parties, it is possible to confute this assumption....
Addiction Research & Theory
2002
Diana L. Martinez-Price, Kirsten Krebs-Thomson, Mark A. Geyer
16 citations
Since being classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine; "ecstasy") has been the subject of controversy regarding its potential therapeutic usage, increased use by young people in the "Rave" culture, and issues of potential neurotoxicity. This review article summarizes much of the animal and human studies of the general behavioral effects of...
European Addiction Research
2002
Julio Bobes, Pilar A. Sáiz, María Paz García‐portilla et al.
34 citations
<i>Aim: </i>To measure the prevalence of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other drug use in young males entering compulsory military service in Asturias (northern Spain) and to define trends in MDMA use in this group during the period from 1995 to 1999. We also sought to determine whether MDMA users have distinct personality features or higher levels of sensation seeking....
Journal of Forensic Sciences
2002
James R. Gill, Jude R. Hayes, Ian S. Desouza et al.
77 citations
Abstract MDMA (“ecstasy”) has gained renewed popularity as a drug of abuse. To access the epidemiology and causes of death of MDMA-positive fatalities, all deaths investigated by the OCME that tested positive for MDMA (22 deaths) between January 1997 and June 2000 were reviewed. There were three deaths in each 1997 and 1998, eleven in 1999, and five in the first part of 2000. Of these 22...
Harvard Review of Psychiatry
2002
Alonso Montoya, Renée Sorrentino, Scott E Lukas et al.
102 citations
The recreational drug "ecstasy" (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or MDMA) is widely used by young people throughout the world. Experimental studies indicate that MDMA damages serotonergic neurons in animals and possibly in humans. Repeated use may induce long-term neurotoxic effects, with cognitive and behavioral implications. We reviewed both the preclinical and the clinical literature to...
British Journal of Pharmacology
2002
Annis O. Mechan, B. Moreno Esteban, Esther O’shea et al.
219 citations
The pharmacology of the acute hyperthermia that follows 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) administration to rats has been investigated. MDMA (12.5 mg kg −1 i.p.) produced acute hyperthermia (measured rectally). The tail skin temperature did not increase, suggesting that MDMA may impair heat dissipation. Pretreatment with the 5‐HT 1/2 antagonist methysergide (10 mg kg −1 ), the...
Songs of Ecstasy
December 13, 2001
Hugh B. Urban
Abstract A series of select translations is presented from the Bhāver Gīta, the main song text of the Kartābhajās, a Bengali sect devoted to Tantra in colonial Calcutta, Bengal. The author has chosen the songs that he considers most significant and organized them under thematic headings: Company songs, Songs of the marketplace, Songs of mystical belief and esoteric practice, Songs of lust and...