Biological Psychiatry
June 1, 2012
Handan Gunduz-Bruce, Robert M G Reinhart, Brian J Roach et al.
Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) are reduced in schizophrenia patients and healthy volunteers administered the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine. In rodents, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a stimulator of the cystine-glutamate exchanger, attenuates the cognitive and behavioral effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. On...
Drug and Alcohol Review
May 21, 2012
Janine V. Olthuis, Christine Darredeau, Sean P. Barrett
79 citations
Abstract Introduction and Aims. Simultaneous polysubstance use (SPU) is a common phenomenon, yet little is known about its role in substance use initiation. Design and Methods. In the present study, 226 cannabis users completed structured interviews about their substance use history. For each substance ever used, participants provided details of their age of first use, their use in the...
Clinical Toxicology
May 11, 2012
Jennifer Shields, Paul I Dargan, David M Wood et al.
CONTEXT: There have been recent concerns about increasing use and accessibility of methoxetamine, a ketamine derivative. Few data are available to describe the clinical features associated with methoxetamine exposure. We report three cases that presented to hospital with acute neurological toxicity associated with analytically confirmed methoxetamine exposure. CASE DETAILS: A 19-year-old male...
Journal of Medical Toxicology
March 1, 2012
Christopher D Rosenbaum, Stephanie P Carreiro, Kavita M. Babu
356 citations
Despite their widespread Internet availability and use, many of the new drugs of abuse remain unfamiliar to health care providers. The herbal marijuana alternatives, like K2 or Spice, are a group of herbal blends that contain a mixture of plant matter in addition to chemical grade synthetic cannabinoids. The synthetic cathinones, commonly called "bath salts," have resulted in nationwide...
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
2012
André Schmidt
Recent studies into the molecular, pharmacological and behavioral basis of psychotomimetics such as the glutamate N-methyl- D -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine and the mixed 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor agonist psilocybin in healthy human subjects suggest that both the glutamatergic and serotonergic system are implicated in the pathophysiolology of psychotic disorders such...
Medical Hypotheses
October 2011
Andreas Pikwer
Low-dose ketamine administration mimics, both clinically and on gross neuroimaging, depersonalization disorder. The perceptual effects of ketamine may be due to secondary stimulation of glutamate release and lamotrigine, possibly by inhibited glutamate release, may reduce some of ketamine's so-called dissociative effects. However, lamotrigine does not seem to be useful in the treatment of...
Anesthesiology
October 1, 2011
Edgar Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
21 citations
Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. edgar.a.romero-sandoval@dartmouth.eduA LARGE population of patients concomitantly experiences chronic pain and depression or symptoms of depression (52% in pain clinics, or 85% in chronic facial pain dental clinics, for example).1How these two syndromes coexist, interact, reinforce each other, and/or are maintained is poorly...
Schizophrenia Bulletin
September 28, 2011
Albert Adell, Laura Jiménez-Sánchez, Xavier López-Gil et al.
134 citations
Several genetic, neurodevelopmental, and pharmacological animal models of schizophrenia have been established. This short review examines the validity of one of the most used pharmacological model of the illness, ie, the acute administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in rodents. In some cases, data on chronic or prenatal NMDA receptor antagonist exposure have been...
BMJ
September 27, 2011
Jacqui Wise
2 citations
The number of people experiencing problems after taking club drugs such as ketamine and mephedrone is rising, says the founder of the first NHS clinic in the United Kingdom set up specifically to tackle the issue. The Club Drug Clinic in west London opened its doors this week to deal with problems associated with excessive use of drugs such as ketamine, mephedrone, GHB (γ-hydroxybutyric acid)...
Drugs and Alcohol Today
September 16, 2011
Fiona Catherine Measham, Karenza Moore, Jeanette Østergaard
47 citations
Purpose In this fourth paper in a series on emergent drug trends in the UK (2006 ketamine, 2009 MDMA powder/crystal, 2010 mephedrone), the authors consider how the pharmacological landscape has changed since substituted cathinones (including mephedrone) were controlled in April 2010 and in particular assess the prevalence of mephedrone in the general night time economy (NTE) and its...