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Paul I Dargan

12 papers in the library · 76 citations · publishing 2011-2026

Papers

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Beyond the High: A Narrative Review of the Chronic Complications of Recreational Ketamine Use.

British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) May 18, 2026 Karen L Erskine, Paul I Dargan, David M Wood

Ketamine, initially developed as a dissociative anaesthetic, has seen expanding therapeutic applications, in managing treatment-resistant depression and chronic pain. However, its psychoactive properties have also been associated with a significant rise in recreational use globally. Chronic, high-dose recreational ketamine use is associated with dependence potential and a spectrum of long-term...

Differences in the clinical presentation of acute 3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine intoxication by co-intoxication and patient sex to European emergency departments.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) March 1, 2025 Joep J. J. Ouwerkerk, David M Wood, Alison M. Dines et al. 1 citation

This study hypothesized that 3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine intoxication presents with distinct clinical features and outcomes when combined with other substances of misuse, compared to mono-3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine intoxication. This study investigated the clinical presentation of acute mono-3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine intoxication, 3,4-methylenedioxymetamfetamine intoxication with...

Comparison of Laboratory Confirmed Drugs in Acute Recreational Drug Toxicity Presentations to an Urban Hospital in London, UK, 2016/17 versus 2019/20.

Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology 2025 Caitlin E Wolfe, Lachlan J Sund, John Rh Archer et al. 5 citations

Novel Psychoactive Substance (NPS) use is increasingly prevalent and is often associated with severe acute recreational drug toxicity (ARDT). 258 UK deaths were attributed to NPS use in 2021. Confirmatory testing which identifies NPS is limited by expense and timeliness. We aimed to identify NPS and other recreational drugs in a sample of 1000 ARDT presentations to a central London hospital in...

Linking in vitro and ex vivo CB1 activity with serum concentrations and clinical features in 5F-MDMB-PICA users to better understand SCRAs and their metabolites.

Archives of Toxicology November 1, 2022 Liesl K Janssens, Simon Hudson, David M Wood et al.

Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) pose a danger to public health. This study focused on individuals experiencing recreational drug toxicity who had used 5F-MDMB-PICA.Patient records were evaluated regarding vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and clinical features. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) confirmed and quantified the presence...

Comparative Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Psychostimulants 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine (MDMA), Amphetamine, and the Novel Psychoactive Substance Mephedrone after Controlled Drug Administration to Humans

Metabolites July 27, 2020 Andrea E. Steuer, Daria Kaelin, Martina I. Boxler et al. 32 citations

Psychoactive stimulants are a popular drug class which are used recreationally. Over the last decade, large numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have entered the drug market and these pose a worldwide problem to human health. Metabolomics approaches are useful tools for simultaneous detection of endogenous metabolites affected by drug use. They allow identification of pathways or...

Acute recreational drug toxicity

Medicine January 31, 2018 Evangelia Liakoni, Chris Yates, Alison M. Dines et al. 38 citations

The aim of the study was to compare self-reported and analytically confirmed substance use in cases of acute recreational drug toxicity.We performed a retrospective analysis of emergency department presentations of acute recreational drug toxicity over 2 years (October 2013 to September 2015) within the European Drug Emergencies Network Plus project.Among the 10,956 cases of acute recreational...

MDMB-CHMICA: Availability, Patterns of Use, and Toxicity Associated With This Novel Psychoactive Substance.

Substance Use & Misuse January 28, 2017 Mark Haden, John R H Archer, Paul I Dargan et al.

MDMB-CHMICA (methyl 2-[[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate) is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that has been detected in several recreational drug products in Europe since August 2014. This article aims to describe the prevalence of use, availability, and desired and adverse effects of MDMB-CHMICA. Data were collated from published scientific literature,...

Characterizing metabolites and potential metabolic pathways for the novel psychoactive substance methoxetamine.

Drug Testing and Analysis June 1, 2014 E. Menzies, S. Hudson, Paul I Dargan et al.

The classic approach of controlled volunteer studies to study drug metabolism is difficult or impossible to undertake for novel psychoactive substances (NPS), as there is generally very limited information available to allow appropriate dose finding and safety. A viable and powerful alternative is the identification and characterization of phase I and II metabolites of such drugs by examining...

Three months of methoxetamine administration is associated with significant bladder and renal toxicity in mice

Clinical Toxicology February 28, 2014 Paul I Dargan, H. Tang, W. Liang et al.

UNLABELLED: CONTEXT.: Methoxetamine is a ketamine analogue that has recently emerged as a novel psychoactive substance. Chronic ketamine use is associated with significant bladder and renal toxicity. Methoxetamine has been marketed as "bladder friendly", but there is no data to be able to substantiate this claim. OBJECTIVE: To characterise the patterns of bladder and renal toxicity associated...

Methoxetamine associated reversible cerebellar toxicity: Three cases with analytical confirmation

Clinical Toxicology May 11, 2012 Jennifer Shields, Paul I Dargan, David M Wood et al.

CONTEXT: There have been recent concerns about increasing use and accessibility of methoxetamine, a ketamine derivative. Few data are available to describe the clinical features associated with methoxetamine exposure. We report three cases that presented to hospital with acute neurological toxicity associated with analytically confirmed methoxetamine exposure. CASE DETAILS: A 19-year-old male...

Acute toxicity associated with the recreational use of the ketamine derivative methoxetamine.

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology May 1, 2012 David M Wood, Susannah Davies, Malgorzata Puchnarewicz et al.

Long-term regular use of ketamine has been reported to be associated with severe symptomatic urinary tract problems. Methoxetamine, an arylcyclohexylamine derivative of ketamine, is marketed as a "bladder safe" derivative of ketamine, and no cases of acute toxicity following analytically confirmed methoxetamine use have been reported to date. We report here a case series of three individuals...

The epidemiology and patterns of acute and chronic toxicity associated with recreational ketamine use.

Emerging health threats journal April 15, 2011 Sarbjeet S Kalsi, David M Wood, Paul I Dargan

Ketamine was originally synthesised for use as a dissociative anaesthetic, and it remains widely used legitimately for this indication. However, there is increasing evidence of non-medical recreational use of ketamine, particularly in individuals who frequent the night-time economy. The population-level and sub-population (clubbers) prevalence of recreational use of ketamine is not known but is...