Journal of Addictive Diseases
October 2, 2018
Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, М.а. Винникова, A. Yu. Nenastieva et al.
27 citations
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is described through diagnostic criteria, clinical presentations, types, and treatment approaches. Three case reports illustrate different types: a 23-year-old with prior cannabis use developed HPPD type I after taking psilocybin mushrooms with alcohol and hash, with symptoms recurring after cannabis but not alcohol, and reducing within a year. Two other cases of HPPD type II occurred after ecstasy use, which is not typically considered a hallucinogen; the condition was stressful and frightening, and treatment with tofisopam, lamotrigine, and sertraline smoothed but did not eliminate visual impairments. Scientific sources suggest HPPD may affect more than 50% of hallucinogen users and is often underdiagnosed.
Journal of Addictive Diseases
January 1, 2024
Marc Galanter, William L White, Jag Khalsa et al.
14 citations
Spirituality encompasses diverse beliefs and pursuits related to life's meaning and purpose. A scoping review of empirical studies on spirituality's psychological, biological, and cultural dimensions in substance use disorder (SUD) identifies key areas: psychologically, spiritual outlook attribution, spiritual awakening, links to drug craving, and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy; biologically, heritability of traits related to shared spiritual experience, neurophysiologic correlates, and brain imaging findings; culturally, spiritual aspects across settings, distinctions between spiritual and religious phenomena, roles of international organizations, and recovery capital acquisition. Further research with randomization and clinical controls is needed to improve clinical application of spirituality in SUD care.
Journal of Addictive Diseases
April 5, 1999
Wayne Bemis Batzer, Thomas F. Ditzler, Christopher R. Brown
12 citations
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic drug that gained attention in the 1960s and early 1970s, producing perceptual disturbances that sometimes persisted long after the drug left the system, known as "flashbacks." These flashbacks may have contributed to the drug's decline in recreational use. This report describes histories of LSD use among alcoholism treatment facility inpatients and details flashback characteristics and associated subjective distress. Findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between the number of doses taken and the incidence of flashbacks.
Journal of Addictive Diseases
January 1, 2024
Alexandra Arenson, Cynthia I Campbell, Ilan Remler
8 citations
People with opioid use disorder and withdrawal are increasingly using plant-based substances like ayahuasca, ibogaine, and kratom to self-treat, often due to limited access to standard care. A narrative review of evidence from 2012 to 2022 indicates these substances may help through unique pharmacodynamic effects, ritual practices, and increased neuroplasticity. However, the supporting evidence comes mainly from small observational studies or animal research. High-quality, long-term studies are needed to determine their safety and effectiveness for treating opioid withdrawal and opioid use disorder.
Journal of Addictive Diseases
May 18, 2020
Mathias B. Forrester
6 citations
Between 2000 and 2018, Texas poison centers managed 486 cases of hallucinogenic mushroom misuse, primarily involving psilocybin. Most patients were male (85%), with an average age of about 21 years. Ingestion alone accounted for 91% of exposures, and 72% occurred at the patient's own residence. The majority of patients (71%) were already at or en route to a healthcare facility when the poison center was contacted, while 22% were referred to a facility. The most common clinical effects were neurological (72%), cardiovascular (25%), and gastrointestinal (23%). Misuse predominantly involved adolescents and young adults and was typically managed in healthcare settings.
Journal of Addictive Diseases
January 20, 2025
Janice Chuang, Riley Carpenter Lide, Nikhil Kamath et al.
3 citations
A subanesthetic dose of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) was well tolerated in individuals with tobacco use disorder, but no significant effects were observed on cigarette smoking, craving, or withdrawal symptoms 24 hours after infusion or at an eight-day follow-up. The small pilot study randomized six participants to ketamine and four to placebo, finding only transient side effects. The results suggest that, in this limited sample, ketamine did not reduce tobacco use, though further research with different doses and routes of administration is needed to explore its potential for treating tobacco use disorder.
Journal of Addictive Diseases
March 6, 2025
Christopher Lomas
2 citations
Non-prescribed ketamine use involves complex interactions of neurobiological, socioeconomic, demographic, and psychological factors, with adolescents, women, and polysubstance users at higher risk. Neurobiological mechanisms include prefrontal-limbic dysconnectivity, maladaptive neuroplasticity, and HPA axis dysregulation. Psychotherapies show varying efficacy, and an innovative framework aligns therapeutic timing with phases of neuroplastic recovery. Biomarkers such as BDNF and HRV may guide personalized interventions. Research gaps include limited representation of low-resource settings and insufficient longitudinal data. A comprehensive neurobiologically informed model integrating digital platforms, culturally tailored strategies, and biomarkers is recommended to improve treatment outcomes.
Journal of Addictive Diseases
August 4, 2023
Ruzmayuddin Mamat, Rusdi Abd Rashid, Baharudin Ibrahim et al.
2 citations
Psilocybin use in vaping is increasing among amphetamine-type stimulant users and across broader populations, yet knowledge about its long-term health effects remains limited. The authors call for further research to highlight harmful effects and the potential risks of psilocybin vaping, especially among younger people.
Journal of Addictive Diseases
January 1, 1992
A H Walle
The founders of Alcoholics Anonymous drew heavily on William James' 'Varieties of Religious Experience' when shaping the organization's philosophy and methods. Although AA selectively adopted certain of James' ideas that seemed especially pertinent, his influence is clearly evident in AA's core principles and approach. This article reviews James' work, identifies which specific ideas were most relevant to AA's development as a self-help movement, and considers the implications of this intellectual heritage.