Behavioral and Brain Sciences
December 1, 1998
L Pessoa, Evan Thompson, Alva Noë
435 citations
In visual science the term filling-in is used in different ways, which often leads to confusion. This target article presents a taxonomy of perceptual completion phenomena to organize and clarify theoretical and empirical discussion. Examples of boundary completion (illusory contours) and featural completion (color, brightness, motion, texture, and depth) are examined, and single-cell studies...
Neuroreport
December 1, 1998
Franz X. Vollenweider, M. F. I. Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen, Andreas Bäbler et al.
1,023 citations
Psilocybin, an indoleamine hallucinogen, produces a psychosis-like syndrome in humans that resembles first episodes of schizophrenia. In healthy human volunteers, the psychotomimetic effects of psilocybin were blocked dose-dependently by the serotonin-2A antagonist ketanserin or the atypical antipsychotic risperidone, but were increased by the dopamine antagonist and typical antipsychotic...
Toxicology Letters
November 23, 1998
H Flohr, U Glade, D Motzko
A theory of anesthesia is presented. It consists of four hypotheses. (1) The occurrence of states of consciousness causally depends on the formation of transient higher-order, self-referential mental representations. The occurrence of such states is identical with the appearance of conscious phenomena. Loss of consciousness will occur, if the brain's representational activity falls below a...
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
November 5, 1998
Simon M. N. Efange, Deborah C. Mash, A B Khare et al.
33 citations
Five phenyl-substituted derivatives and analogues of 1,2,3,4,5, 6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, 5, a major fragment of ibogaine (1), were synthesized and tested for binding to monoamine transporters, the NMDA receptor-coupled cation channel, and dopamine and opioid receptors. All five derivatives, 9 and 17a-d, displayed 8-10-fold higher affinity at the DA transporter than ibogaine and...
European Journal of Neuroscience
November 1998
T Hashimoto, Y Kajii, T Nishikawa
We have studied in the rat the effects of acute subcutaneous injection of psychotomimetics including methamphetamine (MAP), cocaine and phencyclidine (PCP) on the expression of a brain plasticity-related molecule, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNA, using non-radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry. In addition to the constitutive expression of tPA mRNA in cerebellar Purkinje...
Pharmacology
November 1, 1998
S Sunder Sharma, Hemendra N. Bhargava
17 citations
The effects of ibogaine, an alkaloid isolated form the bark of the African shrub, Tabernathe iboga, and noribogaine, a metabolite of ibogaine, on morphine antinociception were determined in male Swiss-Webster mice. Mice were rendered tolerant to morphine by implanting them with a pellet containing 25 mg of morphine base for 3 days. Placebo pellet-implanted mice served as controls. The...
Biophysical Journal
October 1998
J G Dilmore, J W Johnson
We investigated inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-channel complex by N-ethyl-1,4,9, 9alpha-tetrahydro-4alphaR-cis-4alphaH-fluoren-++ +4alpha-amine (NEFA), a structural analog of phencyclidine (PCP). Using the whole-cell recording technique, we demonstrated that NEFA inhibits NMDA responses with an IC50 of 0.51 microM at -66 mV. We determined that NEFA binds to the open...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
October 1, 1998
James P Zacny, V M Camarillo, P Sadeghi et al.
Ethanol and nitrous oxide (N2O) are sometimes used in combination by recreational drug users. The subjective effects of this drug combination have not been examined, and was the basis for the present study. The effects of both drugs were examined alone and in combination. Dependent measures included mood, cognitive/psychomotor performance, and pain reports. Volunteers (N = 11) first consumed a...
Journal of Analytical Toxicology
October 1, 1998
Zhi Li, A. J. Mcnally, Honggang Wang et al.
50 citations
A controlled study was undertaken to determine the stability of LSD in pooled urine samples. The concentrations of LSD in urine samples were followed over time at various temperatures, in different types of storage containers, at various exposures to different wavelengths of light, and at varying pH values. LSD concentrations were measured quantitatively by the Abuscreen RIA and by HPLC using a...
Imagination, Cognition and Personality
September 1, 1998
Barbara L. Easterlin, Etzel Cardeña
This study compared perceived stress and cognitive and emotional differences between two groups of Buddhist mindfulness meditators. Nineteen beginning and twenty-four advanced meditators carried electronic pagers for five days and responded to daily random signals by completing an Experience Sampling form (ESF) containing items related to the dependent variables. As compared with beginners,...