Drug Science Policy and Law
September 1, 2025
David Nutt, David Erritzøe, Anne Katrin Schlag et al.
9 citations
Psychedelics are undergoing a clinical research renaissance, with compounds such as psilocybin advancing to Phase 3 trials for treatment-resistant depression and receiving fast-track or breakthrough designations from regulatory agencies. Despite this progress, the field lacks standardized terminology to guide clinical development, dosing, safety monitoring, and regulatory classification. Here,...
The Oxford Handbook of Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder
December 18, 2023
Deborah C. Mash, Michael Karukin
Abstract Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid derived from the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga. The anti-addictive actions of ibogaine were first reported in the 1960s by persons using heroin. They offered personal testimonials that single oral doses of ibogaine abruptly blocked opioid withdrawal, and they remained drug-free after ibogaine exposure. Today, online forums describe ibogaine use for...
Pharmacological Research
April 1, 2023
Deborah C. Mash
37 citations
Ibogaine is a powerful psychoactive substance that not only alters perception, mood and affect, but also stops addictive behaviors. Ibogaine has a very long history of ethnobotanical use in low doses to combat fatigue, hunger and thirst and, in high doses as a sacrament in African ritual contexts. In the 1960's, American and European self-help groups provided public testimonials that a single...
Psychedelics as Psychiatric Medications
March 1, 2023
Deborah C. Mash
1 citation
Abstract Ibogaine has been used as a botanical preparation from the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga for over one hundred years, both as a crude preparation and as semisynthetic ibogaine. Extracts derived from this plant have a long history of traditional medicinal and ceremonial use in Western Africa. Ibogaine is a polypharmacology drug that acts on several neurotransmitter systems, including...
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
2022
Charles Sutton, Erin Q Williams, Hoomam Homsi et al.
13 citations
Mutations in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) have been implicated in many human diseases. Among these is the infantile parkinsonism-dystonia known as Dopamine Transporter Deficiency Syndrome (DTDS). Afflicted individuals have minimal to no functional dopamine transporter protein. This is primarily due to retention of misfolded disease-causing dopamine transporter variants. This results...
Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
June 18, 2021
M. Luz, D. Mash
30 citations
Ibogaine is a psychoactive indole alkaloid isolated from the West African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. It has been used by indigenous cultures to combat fatigue, hunger, and thirst, and to induce hallucinations during religious ceremonies. First isolated in 1901, ibogaine was initially recommended for use in asthenia at doses of 10 to 30 mg per day [1,2]. Semi-synthetic ibogaine came into use in...
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
January 2, 2018
Deborah C. Mash
29 citations
Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid that comes from the root of the West African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. Ibogaine has been used for centuries in spiritual celebrations, coming of age rituals, and heali...
Frontiers in Pharmacology
2018
Deborah C. Mash, Linda Duque, Bryan Page et al.
109 citations
Ibogaine may be effective for transitioning opioid and cocaine dependent individuals to sobriety. American and European self-help groups provided public testimonials that ibogaine alleviated drug craving and opioid withdrawal symptoms after only a single dose administration. Preclinical studies in animal models of addiction have provided proof-of-concept evidence in support of these claims....
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
July 1, 2016
Deborah C. Mash, Barbara Ameer, Delphine Prou et al.
29 citations
This study investigated the effects of noribogaine, the principal metabolite of the drug ibogaine, on substance-related disorders. In the first experiment, mice chronically treated with morphine were subjected to naloxone-precipitated withdrawal two hours after oral administration of noribogaine. Oral noribogaine dose dependently decreased the global opiate withdrawal score by up to 88% of...
Neuropharmacology
December 1, 2015
Émeline L. Maillet, Nicolas Milon, Mari D. Heghinian et al.
59 citations
Noribogaine is the long-lived human metabolite of the anti-addictive substance ibogaine. Noribogaine efficaciously reaches the brain with concentrations up to 20 μM after acute therapeutic dose of 40 mg/kg ibogaine in animals. Noribogaine displays atypical opioid-like components in vivo, anti-addictive effects and potent modulatory properties of the tolerance to opiates for which the mode of...
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
June 1, 2015
Qing Chang, Taleen Hanania, Deborah C. Mash et al.
26 citations
Noribogaine, a polypharmacological drug with activities at opioid receptors, ionotropic nicotinic receptors, and serotonin reuptake transporters, has been investigated for treatment of substance abuse-related disorders. Smoking cessation has major benefits for both individuals and society, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of noribogaine for use as a treatment for...
The FASEB Journal
April 1, 2015
Émeline L. Maillet, Nicolas Milon, James A. Fishback et al.
1 citation
Noribogaine is the primary metabolite of the anti‐addictive substance ibogaine, which modulates opiate analgesic activity and the components of drug addiction in animal models at brain concentrations of 0.5‐15 µM. In this study, molecular activities of noribogaine at mu (OPRM) and kappa (OPRK) opioid receptors were characterized. Noribogaine was a moderately potent antagonist of the OPRM...
The FASEB Journal
April 1, 2015
Émeline L. Maillet, Qing Chang, Nicolas Milon et al.
Noribogaine, a polypharmacological drug with activities at opioid receptors, ionotropic nicotinic receptors, and serotonin reuptake transporters, is being investigated for treatment of substance abuse‐related disorders. In this study, noribogaine molecular activity at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was characterized. Noribogaine inhibited α3β4, α7 nAChRs, and endogenously...
European Journal of Neuroscience
November 16, 2007
Susan Schenk, Lincoln S. Hely, Barbara Lake et al.
113 citations
Abstract 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) self‐administration has been shown in animals with extensive drug histories, but only a small number of studies have examined high rates of responding maintained by MDMA in previously drug‐naïve animals. In the present study, influence of dose (0.25 or 1.0 mg/kg/infusion) on the acquisition of MDMA self‐administration was measured during daily...
Natural Product Research
July 10, 2006
Daniele Passarella, A Barilli, Simon M. N. Efange et al.
4 citations
Microwave assisted Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 5-Br-N-benzylpyridinone (2) with methyl acrylate is described to gain an easy access to 7-bromo-2-benzyl-3-oxo-2-aza-5 or 6-carbomethoxy bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-enes (3)-(6). The preparation of the ibogaine analogue 20-desethyl-(20-endo)-hydroxymethyl-11-demethoxyibogaine (17) is described by stereoselective hydrogenation of the C(7)-C(8) double bond....
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry
March 20, 2003
Daniele Passarella, Raffaele Favia, Alessandra Giardini et al.
23 citations
Synthesis of 7-heteroaryl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-enes by cycloaddition and subsequent cross-coupling reaction is described. Binding affinity of these novel compounds towards the characteristic receptorial targets of ibogaine is illustrated.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
May 1, 2001
Michael H. Baumann, Richard B Rothman, John Pablo et al.
69 citations
Ibogaine is a naturally occurring compound with purported antiaddictive properties. When administered to primates, ibogaine is rapidly o-demethylated to form the metabolite 12-hydroxyibogamine (noribogaine). Peak blood levels of noribogaine exceed those of ibogaine, and noribogaine persists in the bloodstream for at least 1 day. Very few studies have systematically evaluated the neurobiological...
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
September 1, 2000
Deborah C. Mash, Craig A. Kovera, John Pablo et al.
146 citations
Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid found in the roots of Tabernanthe Iboga (Apocynaceae family), a rain forest shrub that is native to western Africa. Ibogaine is used by indigenous peoples in low doses to combat fatigue, hunger and thirst, and in higher doses as a sacrament in religious rituals. Members of American and European addict self-help groups have claimed that ibogaine promotes long-term...
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
September 1, 2000
Michael H. Baumann, John Pablo, S F Ali et al.
37 citations
Ibogaine (IBO) is a plant-derived alkaloid that is being evaluated as a possible medication for substance use disorders. When administered peripherally to monkeys and humans, IBO is rapidly converted to an o-demethylated metabolite, 12-hydroxyibogamine (NORIBO). We have found in rats that peak blood levels of NORIBO can exceed those of the parent compound, and NORIBO persists in the bloodstream...
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
July 1, 1999
C Zubaran, M Shoaib, I P Stolerman et al.
31 citations
The discriminative stimulus effects of ibogaine and noribogaine in rats have been examined in relation to their concentrations in blood plasma and brain regions and to receptor systems through which they have been proposed to act. Rats were trained to discriminate ibogaine (10 mg/kg i.p.), the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine (0.08 mg/kg i.p.) or the kappa-opioid agonist U50,488 (5 mg/kg i.p.) from...
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
June 1, 1999
James C. Callaway, Dennis J. Mckenna, C S Grob et al.
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine (THH) are the characteristic alkaloids found in Amazonian sacraments known as hoasca, ayahuasca, and yajè. Such beverages are characterized by the presence of these three harmala alkaloids, where harmine and harmaline reversibly inhibit monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) while tetrahydroharmine weakly inhibits the uptake of...
ChemInform
March 23, 1999
Simon M. N. Efange, Deborah C. Mash, Anil B. Khare et al.
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
November 5, 1998
Simon M. N. Efange, Deborah C. Mash, A B Khare et al.
33 citations
Five phenyl-substituted derivatives and analogues of 1,2,3,4,5, 6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole, 5, a major fragment of ibogaine (1), were synthesized and tested for binding to monoamine transporters, the NMDA receptor-coupled cation channel, and dopamine and opioid receptors. All five derivatives, 9 and 17a-d, displayed 8-10-fold higher affinity at the DA transporter than ibogaine and...
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
May 1, 1998
Deborah C. Mash, Craig A. Kovera, Billy E Buck et al.
111 citations
The potential for deriving new psychotherapeutic medications from natural sources has led to renewed interest in rain forest plants as a source of lead compounds for the development of antiaddiction medications. Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid found in the roots of Tabernanthe iboga (Apocynaceae family), a rain forest shrub that is native to equatorial Africa. Ibogaine is used by indigenous...
Neuroreport
January 5, 1998
John Pablo, Deborah C. Mash
27 citations
Noribogaine is formed in vivo by the O-demethylation of the indole alkaloid ibogaine. We report here that noribogaine acts as a full agonist at the mu-opioid receptor. Noribogaine-stimulated guanylyl 5'gamma-[35S]thio]triphosphate ([35S]GTPgammaS) was studied in rat thalamic membranes to measure activation of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) in the presence of excess GDP....