Addiction: all studies (page 513) - The Consciousness Library

Graded Visual Consciousness During the Attentional Blink

bioRxiv Preprint Server January 15, 2021 Anna Eiserbeck, Alexander Enge, Milena Rabovsky et al. 4 citations preprint

One of the ongoing debates about visual consciousness is whether it can be considered as an all-or-none or a graded phenomenon. This may depend on the experimental paradigm and the task used to investigate this question. The present event-related potential study (N = 32) focuses on the attentional blink paradigm for which so far only little and mixed evidence is available. Detection of T2 face...

DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.15.426792 Full text

Meditation in Prison

The Oxford Handbook of Meditation January 13, 2021 Katherine M. Auty

Abstract In recent years interest in the use of meditation programs in prison has grown considerably, yet empirical research evidence for their effectiveness has been slower to accumulate. This chapter explores the application of meditation programs that take place within prison walls and evaluates their effectiveness in three key areas: (i) mental health and psychological wellbeing; (ii)...

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198808640.013.41

THC and CBD produce divergent effects on perception and panic behaviours via distinct cortical molecular pathways.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry January 10, 2021 Hanna J Szkudlarek, Mar Rodríguez-ruiz, Roger Hudson et al.

Clinical and pre-clinical evidence demonstrates divergent psychotropic effects of THC vs. CBD. While THC can induce perceptual distortions and anxiogenic effects, CBD displays antipsychotic and anxiolytic properties. A key brain region responsible for regulation of cognition and affect, the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), is strongly modulated by cannabinoids, suggesting that these dissociable...

DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110029 Full text Cannabinoids Latent inhibition Panic Prefrontal cortex

Symptomatology and neurocognition among first-episode psychosis patients with and without cannabis use in the three months prior to first hospitalization.

Schizophrenia Research January 9, 2021 Leah G. Pope, M. Manseau, M. Kelley et al.

OBJECTIVE The nature of associations between recent cannabis use and negative symptoms, positive symptoms, and neurocognitive deficits remains unclear. In a relatively large sample of well-characterized patients with first-episode psychosis, we hypothesized that, compared to first-episode patients without cannabis use in the three months prior to first hospitalization, those having used...

DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.012

The acute effects of classic psychedelics on memory in humans

Psychopharmacology January 9, 2021 C. J. Healy 95 citations

RationaleMemory plays a central role in the psychedelic experience. The spontaneous recall and immersive reliving of autobiographical memories has frequently been noted by researchers and clinicians as a salient phenomenon in the profile of subjective effects of classic psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca. The ability for psychedelics to provoke vivid memories has been...

DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05756-w

Ketamine Rapidly Enhances Glutamate-Evoked Dendritic Spinogenesis in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Through Dopaminergic Mechanisms.

Biological Psychiatry January 8, 2021 Mingzheng Wu, Samuel Minkowicz, V. Dumrongprechachan et al. 96 citations

BACKGROUND Ketamine elicits rapid onset antidepressant effects in patients with clinical depression through mechanisms hypothesized to involve the genesis of neocortical dendritic spines and synapses. Yet, the observed changes in dendritic spine morphology usually emerge well after ketamine clearance, raising questions about the link between rapid behavioral effects of ketamine and plasticity....

DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.022 Full text

Whatever Next and Close to my Self – The Transparent Senses and the ‘Second Skin’: Implications for the Case of Depersonalisation

PsyArXiv January 5, 2021 Anna Ciaunica, Bruna Petreca, Aikaterini Fotopoulou et al. preprint

In his seminal paper ‘Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science’ Andy Clark (2013) argued that the brain’s job is to predict whatever information is coming ‘next’ on the basis of prior inputs. This is because the organism’s survival is key to biological agents such as humans. Survival however crucially depends on rapid and accurate information...

DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/u8ky6 Full text

The group II mGlu receptor antagonist LY341495 induces a rapid antidepressant-like effect and enhances the effect of ketamine in the chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in C57BL/6J mice.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry January 2, 2021 Agnieszka Pałucha-Poniewiera, K. Podkowa, Anna Rafało-Ulińska

Ketamine produces a rapid antidepressant effect, but its use can be associated with serious side effects. Hence, other therapeutic options that will allow us to obtain a quick and safe antidepressant effect by modulating glutamatergic transmission are needed. Antagonists of mGlu2/3 receptors, which share some mechanisms of action with ketamine, may be good candidates to obtain this effect....

DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110239

Du rêve comme passivité : Merleau-ponty entre Sartre et Binswanger

Chiasmi International 2021 Giulia Andreini, Chiasmi International 1 citation

Always rich in heterogeneous suggestions, Merleau-Pontian reflection does not fail to address the status of oneiric experience, which is as complex as it is neglected or even trivialized in phenomenological studies. Although it is sometimes taken into consideration, notably in Sartrean analyses, this is only to reconduct it to the activity of the imagining consciousness. This contribution thus...

DOI: 10.5840/chiasmi20212326

CNR2 GENE AND CANNABIS USE INTERPLAY MODULATES MANIPULATIVE ABILITIES IN FIRST-EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS

Libro Comunicaciones 2021 Maitane Oscoz-Irurozqui, Maria Guardiola-Ripoll, Carmen Almodóvar-Payá et al.

1. Objectives: While endocannabinoid system seems to be involved in processes underlying psychosis, research about Cannabinoid Receptor 2 gene (CNR2) is scarce and inconclusive. Some few reports indicate that CNR2 plays a role in psychiatric conditions, including depression or drug addiction (Onaivi et al., 2009). We aimed to evaluate the role of CNR2 and its interplay with cannabis on...

DOI: 10.17579/sepd2021o003