This study introduces a unified framework for addressing several open questions concerning consciousness, including subjectivity and awareness, the confounding findings of neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) research, and the phenomenon of delayed consciousness observed in Libet’s free-will experiments. The framework, named the Twin Cognitive Cycle (TCC), is derived from an executable...
Cerca de 30% dos pacientes com transtorno depressivo maior não respondem a nenhum dos antidepressivos. Caracterizando a depressão resistente ao tratamento (DRT). Esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo analisar criticamente as evidências sobre o uso da cetamina e da escetamina no tratamento da DRT, incluindo eficácia, mecanismos de ação, perfil de segurança e barreiras de acesso. Foram...
Ketamine has revolutionized the treatment of mood disorders by offering rapid antidepressant effects, particularly in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. Unlike traditional monoaminergic antidepressants, ketamine acts primarily through antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, initiating a cascade of glutamatergic signaling that promotes synaptic plasticity,...
The head-twitch response (HTR) is widely used as a preclinical assay for the hallucinogenic potential of compounds, with its utility based on 5HT 2A R activation. Here, we examine how the polypharmacological agonists lisuride and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) influence behavioral and physiological outcomes in mice to test whether the HTR reliably reflects overall psychoactivity. Lisuride...
Mindfulness has been widely conceptualized and measured across various fields. With increasing attention to the healthy usage of social media, the present study aims to develop a measurement scale for social media mindfulness, intended to guide users towards purposeful and intentional usage, thereby alleviating the adverse effects on mental health caused by obsessive or addictive use of social...
The article explores the ontological status of mystical testimonies by applying the phenomenological framework of Roman Ingarden. To navigate the methodological confusion surrounding the definition of a “mystical text,” the author utilizes eidetic reduction to determine the necessary conditions for such a text’s existence. Within this framework, a mystical text is classified as a purely...
Oral esketamine is a potentially effective and well-tolerated treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, around 50% of TRD individuals treated with oral esketamine do not achieve response, and this variation in response may be accounted for by interindividual differences between patients. Efforts to develop effective and personalized depression treatment strategies are...
Although sleep quality links to multiple cognitive, mental, physical, and physiological benefits, about 60% of US adults do not get enough sleep. First-line treatments for insomnia include pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Given the limitations of pharmacotherapy, including cost, side effects, tolerance, and dependency, researchers have recently focused on non-pharmacological...
Abstract This chapter defends illusionism against various objections. First, the objection that illusionism is incoherent, because phenomenal consciousness cannot seem to exist without existing. Second, the objection that illusionism cannot explain how we represent phenomenal properties. Third, the objection that illusionism is only attractive if we assume a loaded definition of “phenomenal...
NeuropharmacologyJune 11, 2026Vincenzo Crunelli, Tatiana P Morais, William M Connelly et al.
Renewed interest in psychedelic therapeutics has brought serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) back into focus. Given the role of the thalamus in sensory integration and network synchronization, we examined the expression, developmental regulation, and functional impact of thalamic 5-HT2ARs, with particular emphasis on their interaction with extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and the generation of...