Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
November 22, 2011
Cecilia Westbrook, J. David Creswell, Golnaz Tabibnia et al.
278 citations
An emerging body of research suggests that mindfulness-based interventions may be beneficial for smoking cessation and the treatment of other addictive disorders. One way that mindfulness may facilitate smoking cessation is through the reduction of craving to smoking cues. The present work considers whether mindful attention can reduce self-reported and neural markers of cue-induced craving in...
BMJ
October 17, 2011
C. Dyer
2 citations
A doctor in private practice has been suspended for six months by the General Medical Council for giving the unlicensed hallucinogenic drug ibogaine to a man obsessed with internet pornography without fully explaining the drug’s risks. Peter Brackenridge, who saw private patients in London’s Harley Street, was medical director of Ibogaine Therapy UK, which advertised the treatment on a website....
Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling
October 1, 2011
Mark E. Young, Leigh DeLorenzi, Laura Cunningham
16 citations
Meditation has been studied as a way of reducing stress in counseling clients since the 1960s. Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and new wave behavior therapies incorporate meditation techniques in their programs. This article identifies meditation's curative factors and limitations when using meditation in addiction settings.
BMC Pharmacology
September 5, 2011
Michael Kovar, Xaver Koenig, Ágnes K. Mike et al.
5 citations
Background Ibogaine is an alkaloid derived from the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. Psychoactive properties of ibogaine have been known for decades, but more recently the drug has received much attention because of its promising “anti-addictive” actions. Thus, ibogaine and its derivatives are being studied as potential treatment for opioid and stimulant abuse, as well as for alcoholism and...
Evaluation & the health professions
September 2011
Steve Y Sussman, Michel Reynaud, Henri-Jean Aubin et al.
This discussion piece suggests that reliance on a Higher Power in drug abuse recovery programs is entertained among some addicts for its psychobiological effects. Prayer, meditation, early romantic love, and drug abuse may have in common activation of mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways of the brain and the generation of intense emotional states. In this sense, reliance on a Higher Power may...
Addiction
July 21, 2011
Celia J. A. Morgan, Helen Valerie Curran
645 citations
AIMS: Ketamine remains an important medicine in both specialist anaesthesia and aspects of pain management. At the same time, its use as a recreational drug has spread in many parts of the world during the past few years. There are now increasing concerns about the harmful physical and psychological consequences of repeated misuse of this drug. The aim of this review was to survey and integrate...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
July 1, 2011
Frances R. Levin, John J Mariani, Daniel J Brooks et al.
Cannabis dependence is a substantial public health problem. Behavioral treatments have shown promise, but there are no effective medications for cannabis dependence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dronabinol, a synthetic form of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a naturally occurring pharmacologically active component of marijuana, in treating cannabis...
The FASEB Journal
July 1, 2011
Jean-Pierre Changeux, Hans C Lou
We here review experimental findings relevant for the pharmacology of conscious experience, an issue largely neglected in pharmacological research. First, we focus on self-awareness, a pivotal component of conscious experience and its integration within the global neuronal network (GNW), a theoretical concept that unifies convergent approaches on the neural bases of conscious processing. We...
Drugs and Alcohol Today
June 17, 2011
James Rodger
5 citations
Purpose Existing treatments for alcohol and substance dependence are of limited efficacy and acceptability to users. Since such dependence is associated with high co‐morbidity and mortality rates, alternative treatments should be urgently evaluated. Ibogaine, a hallucinogenic alkaloid, derived from Tabernanthe Iboga, a plant unique to the rainforests of West Africa, is already associated with a...
Cognitive Neuroscience
June 2011
Jonathan Smallwood
Abstract A consensus emerging from neuroscience is that certain brain regions show activity correlated with stimulus independent (e.g. private) conscious thought and yet are also implicated in public social processes. The fact that systems supporting social processing also exhibit activity with no obvious perceptual referent, can be seen as support for the framework suggested by Graziano and...
Emerging health threats journal
April 15, 2011
Sarbjeet S Kalsi, David M Wood, Paul I Dargan
Ketamine was originally synthesised for use as a dissociative anaesthetic, and it remains widely used legitimately for this indication. However, there is increasing evidence of non-medical recreational use of ketamine, particularly in individuals who frequent the night-time economy. The population-level and sub-population (clubbers) prevalence of recreational use of ketamine is not known but is...
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation
April 1, 2011
Li-Tzy Wu, George E Woody, Chongming Yang et al.
40 citations
CONTEXT: Media and scientific reports have indicated an increase in recreational use of Salvia divinorum. Epidemiological data are lacking on the trends, prevalence, and correlates of S. divinorum use in large representative samples, as well as the extent of substance use and mental health problems among S. divinorum users. OBJECTIVE: To examine the national trend in prevalence of S. divinorum...
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
March 17, 2011
Mindfulness impairments in individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders.
Journal of Legal Medicine
February 28, 2011
Jennifer R. Donnelly
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PLoS One
February 14, 2011
David Stawarczyk, Steve Majerus, Pierre Maquet et al.
315 citations
The default mode network (DMN) is a set of brain regions that consistently shows higher activity at rest compared to tasks requiring sustained focused attention toward externally presented stimuli. The cognitive processes that the DMN possibly underlies remain a matter of debate. It has alternately been proposed that DMN activity reflects unfocused attention toward external stimuli or the...
Eating Disorders
2011
Christine M Courbasson, Yasunori Nishikawa, Leah B Shapira
Individuals with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) often evidence comorbid Substance Use Disorders (SUD), resulting in poor outcome. This study is the first to examine treatment outcome for this concurrent disordered population. In this pilot study, 38 individuals diagnosed with BED and SUD participated in a 16-week group Mindfulness-Action Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MACBT). Participants...
ILAR Journal
2011
Divya Ramesh, Joel E Schlosburg, Jason M Wiebelhaus et al.
Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide as well as in the Unites States. Prolonged use of marijuana or repeated administration of its primary psychoactive constituent, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can lead to physical dependence in humans and laboratory animals. The changes that occur with repeated cannabis use include alterations in behavioral,...
Indian Journal of Psychiatry
January 2011
Shubhangi R Parkar, Seethalakshmi Ramanathan, Narendra Nair et al.
Cannabis has been associated with transient psychotic states; however, the causal relationship between cannabis and schizophrenia continues to remain a matter of debate. Epidemiological and some biological studies hint at cannabis being an independent risk factor for schizophrenia; this has not been definitively proved. We aimed to understand the patterns of glucose uptake in important brain...
ILAR Journal
2011
Keith A Trujillo, Monique L. Smith, Brian Sullivan et al.
Ketamine was developed in the early 1960s as an anesthetic and has been used for medical and veterinary procedures since then. Its unique profile of effects has led to its use at subanesthetic doses for a variety of other purposes: it is an effective analgesic and can prevent certain types of pathological pain; it produces schizophrenia-like effects and so is used in both clinical studies and...
PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)
2011
Esteban Céspedes
One of the principal presuppositions in the extended mind account of Clark and Chalmers establishes that extended and non-extended cognitive systems have somehow the same structure and that the distinctions between them can only be superficial. In contrast, this work presents some arguments for the idea that it is possible to find fundamental differences between both, mainly on the basis that a...