Imagination cannot conceive the horrors it [The Nightmare] frequently gives rise to, or language describe them in adequate terms . . . Everything horrible, disgusting or terrifying in the physical or moral world is brought before him in fearful array; he is hissed at by serpents, tortured by demons, stunned by the hollow voices and cold touch of apparitions . . . . At one moment he may have the...
IN RECENT years, the interest shown by behavioral scientists in creativity has reflected what has for a long time been a popular preoccupation. 1-6 Willing authors have come forward, informing us how to acquire it, whether we must be neurotic to use it, and how to discover if we have that divine fire. Attempts have been made to define the process involved, enumerate the steps essential to its...
THE USE of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in nonmedical settings is currently receiving a great deal of attention. Reports in the literature have indicated that such use of LSD can induce severe panic states and psychotic reactions.1-3These reactions have at times been described as being dangerous to the individual taking the drug, as well as occasionally to those around him. The seriousness...
THE PUBLIC has become aware of the increasing use of the major psychedelic substances (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], peyote, psilocybin, morning glory seeds) by certain individuals outside the contexts of supervised therapy and research.1,2Several excellent clinical studies have firmly documented the hazards of this Practice.4,5At a time when the scientific community has been gathering...
THE INCREASED abuse of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has aroused popular concern for its complications and has led the leading pharmaceutical manufacturer to withdraw its supplies from investigational use. Recent reports, especially those in the lay press, give the impression of an increasing incidence of persistent psychoses, associating the observations with the illicit use of LSD.1,2 The...
BENEATH man's thin veneer of consciousness lies a relatively uncharted realm of mental activity, the nature and function of which have been neither systematically explored nor adequately conceptualized. Despite numerous clinical and research reports on daydreaming, sleep and dream states, hypnosis, sensory deprivation, hysterical states of dissociation and depersonalization, pharmacologically...
SIMPLE INDOLE derivatives like the alkylated tryptamines, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), produce psychotogenic-like symptoms similar to lysergic acid diethyemide (LSD) and mescaline.1-4 One of the important metabolic pathways of DET has been shown to be by 6-hydroxylation.5The known metabolic pathways of DET are summarized in Fig 1. Other investigators have...
SINCE the accidental discovery of the Psychosomimetic properties of Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) by Stoll,1in 1947, a great amount of work has been carried out to elucidate the behavioral effects and pathophysiological mechanisms of action of this substance. The literature on this topic is steadily growing and contains now more than 1,000 publications.2 There are several studies...
THOUGH ALCOHOLICS have been treated with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and similar psychodelic substances now for over a decade and many papers have reported the results of such treatment,1-15considerable controversy remains as to what can be accomplished by these means. The results reported have varied from no change to very encouraging; moreover, while investigators have frequently...
A. Hofmann first noted that extraordinary psychic symptoms were induced by LSD-25 (D-lysergic acid diethylamide). Subsequently, W. A. Stoll25and G. Condrau5discussed these symptoms from a phenomenological point of view. Since then numerous studies have been made including those by J. Delay,7M. Rinkel,21W. Frederking,8,9S. Salvatore,22and H. Isbell and associates.12In spite of these...
There has been, thus far, virtually no exploration of anempiricalbasis of the patterning of subjective reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25). Previous studies have been limited to general descriptions of the drug's effects, and the rare attempts to group the various specific effects have been based on a priori clinical concepts1(reviewed elsewhere). Furthermore, the relationships...
The major question posed in this report is whether chronic schizophrenics show less psychologic response to the administration of a given dosage of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) than do normal adults. Data relevant to this question are of importance in at least three ways: (1) they are of relevance in delineating the mechanism of action of LSD insofar as such mechanisms—whether...
Recently the authors1briefly reported complications and misuses associated with hallucinogenic drugs, such as D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Recently, an increasing number of adverse reactions to these drugs have occurred, and a discussion of the nature of the complications appears indicated. It is not our intention to minimize the potential value of these agents. Rather, we wish to...
In 1947, Stoll32in Switzerland reported on the effects of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), an ergot derivative which can produce profound psychological effects in humans when it is given in minute doses. Since that time, a large volume of literature has grown up around this substance. LSD has been put to many uses. Its chemical interactions within the body have been studied with the as...
In a previous report7the administration of phencyclidine hydrochloride, a chemical compound with anesthetic and sedative properties, was shown to produce profound disturbances in reaction time, motor learning, and weight discrimination. These findings were obtained with normal subjects who had been given subanesthetic doses of the drug. The degree and pattern of drug-produced deficits closely...
Introduction Clinical and observational studies of the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD25) have aroused much interest in recent years because of the unusual nature of the alterations in functioning that have been observed. Many have seen a possible relationship between these alterations and the disturbances seen in schizophrenic syndromes or, more generally, under conditions of...
Our use of drug-facilitated psychotherapy has been to aid repressed material to become conscious and to increase insight. Any method or tool which facilitates these processes has the possibility of being a valuable psychotherapeutic tool. Certain drugs on which we have done research, such as mescaline, ALD-52, ibogaine, psilocybin, Ditran (N-ethyl-3-piperidyl cyclopentylphenyl glycolate HC1),...
After injection ofd-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) in the rat, the animal shows symptoms of autonomic effects, such as profuse salivation, urination, and defecation. There is some indication that the somatic nervous system is also involved, since the animal exhibits hyperactivity in the first few minutes after injection, while after three to five minutes there is a tendency for all four...
Introduction Various reports1,14have shown that the subjective sense of time can be considerably altered through changes in the external circumstances under which the judgment is made. Somewhat less is known of the influence of the subject’s physical state on his ability to estimate time. This lack may be at least partially due to the fact that most conditions, such as fever or delirium, which...
It has been demonstrated experimentally that tolerance to the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) develops rapidly, both in man1,4,6and in animals.5Tolerance to mescaline, with a less rapid development, was observed in rats by Freedman et al.5We are not aware of studies on tolerance to 2-bromo-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL-148). Tachyphylaxis to LSD-25, it seems, is another...
The term used in the title has been coined by analogy with folie à troix. “Instead of disputing the facts, we must try to explain them. But whatever explanation we offer, we soon find ourselves in very deep waters indeed.” —H. H.Price19 Introduction It has long been known that “true,” or “ordinary,” hallucinations are very common not only in certain psychoses but also in various toxic...
Introduction Recently psychiatry has had a renewed interest in drugs with “hallucinogenic” properties. New ones are being made, or extracted from plants, at a rapid rate. These drugs are being used more and more widely in treatment and in psychodynamic investigations. We are struck by the many claims that have been made about these psychopharmacological agents and, in particular, have noted the...