Archives of General Psychiatry
July 1, 1974
Solomon H. Snyder
25 citations
Several different molecular conformations of psychedelic drugs have been proposed to explain the very similar effects of drugs with markedly divergent chemical structures, such as mescaline andd-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). In some of these models, the α-carbon of methoxyamphetamine psychedelics approximates the asymmetric carbon No. 5 of LSD predicting that the (-) "R" isomer of the...
Archives of General Psychiatry
August 1, 1973
Gordon G. Globus
55 citations
An understanding of the relationship of consciousness to brain is integral to the development of a general theory for psychiatry. It is argued that objections to Feigl's psychoneural identity thesis can be countered by considering consciousness as identical with "pure events" which, to an observer, are neurally embodied. Consciousness may be subdivided into phenomenal contents and the conscious...
Archives of General Psychiatry
June 1, 1973
Charles Savage
150 citations
A controlled investigation was made of the rehabilitative efficacy of brief residential psychedelic (LSD) psychotherapy with chronic heroin abusers. Seventy-eight volunteer addict inmates from Maryland correctional institutions were randomly assigned to the following: a treatment condition–psychedlic therapy (incorporating one high-dose LSD administration) during a six weeks residence in a...
Archives of General Psychiatry
March 1, 1973
Yvonne Panton
5 citations
Eight "stable" and four "variable" college-age subjects were given 160μg/kg psilocybin under conditions of sensory attenuation. Stability was defined by the magnitude of the standard deviation on handwriting area under predrug conditions. Only the variable subjects, our large-standard deviants, responded to the drug with a significant decrease in mean pulse rate and increase in handwriting...
Archives of General Psychiatry
1971
William H. Mcglothlin
116 citations
A follow-up survey of 247 persons who received d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in either an experimental (nonmedical) or Psychotherapeutic setting was made to determine the lasting effects, if any, related to use of the drug. Information was collected from each by a structured interview and self-administered questionnaire. Some subsequent nonmedical use of LSD was reported by 23%, who...
Archives of General Psychiatry
1971
Solomon H. Snyder
30 citations
DOET (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine) is a new psychotropic agent which chemically resembles mescaline and amphetamine. It is essentially the ethyl homologue of DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine), a psychotomimetic drug widely used by hippie populations and designated "STP." DOET was administered to normal male subjects in doses ranging from 0.75 to 4 mg and contrasted with effects of a...
Archives of General Psychiatry
December 1, 1969
William H. Mcglothlin
51 citations
TWO animal experiments have indicated that relatively large doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can produce changes in central nervous system (CNS) function which persist for periods of time considerably longer than are usually estimated as necessary for drug detoxication. Adey1reports cats given a single dose of LSD in amounts of 80µg/kg showed disruption of conditioned responses and...
Archives of General Psychiatry
October 1, 1968
Charles Clay Dahlberg
9 citations
The history of the use of LSD in medicine follows the usual pattern for a new drug: first, speculation on its use and mechanisms following preliminary browsing research; second, exaggerated claims about its value; and third, carefully controlled trials. This book is the first in what will undoubtedly be a long list of reports on the latter category. It is important for its virtues as well as...
Archives of General Psychiatry
March 1, 1968
Daniel X. Freedman
143 citations
WHILE SCIENTISTS may debate the appropriate use of hallucinogens, history records our unceasing urge to cope with dreary reality or dread with the aid of magic, drugs, drama, festival rites, and (with biological regularity) through dreams. The need to transcend limits also finds a voice in utopian ideologies-be they of the inner world, of this, or the next; the promise of omnipotent mastery is...
Archives of General Psychiatry
November 1, 1967
William H. Mcglothlin
118 citations
THIS IS A report of a study designed to measure personality, attitude, value, interest, and performance changes resulting from the administration of LSD to normals. Several investigators using LSD with humans in nontherapy experiments have observed that some of their subjects report various lasting effects attributable to the drug experience. 1,2 In addition, the recent controversy over the...
Archives of General Psychiatry
July 1, 1967
Sim C. Liddon
32 citations
Imagination cannot conceive the horrors it [The Nightmare] frequently gives rise to, or language describe them in adequate terms . . . Everything horrible, disgusting or terrifying in the physical or moral world is brought before him in fearful array; he is hissed at by serpents, tortured by demons, stunned by the hollow voices and cold touch of apparitions . . . . At one moment he may have the...
Archives of General Psychiatry
June 1, 1967
Leonard S. Zegans
56 citations
IN RECENT years, the interest shown by behavioral scientists in creativity has reflected what has for a long time been a popular preoccupation. 1-6 Willing authors have come forward, informing us how to acquire it, whether we must be neurotic to use it, and how to discover if we have that divine fire. Attempts have been made to define the process involved, enumerate the steps essential to its...
Archives of General Psychiatry
May 1, 1967
John D. Hensala
33 citations
THE USE of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in nonmedical settings is currently receiving a great deal of attention. Reports in the literature have indicated that such use of LSD can induce severe panic states and psychotic reactions.1-3These reactions have at times been described as being dangerous to the individual taking the drug, as well as occasionally to those around him. The seriousness...
Archives of General Psychiatry
May 1, 1967
Malcolm B. Bowers
22 citations
THE PUBLIC has become aware of the increasing use of the major psychedelic substances (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], peyote, psilocybin, morning glory seeds) by certain individuals outside the contexts of supervised therapy and research.1,2Several excellent clinical studies have firmly documented the hazards of this Practice.4,5At a time when the scientific community has been gathering...
Archives of General Psychiatry
November 1, 1966
Max Fink
40 citations
THE INCREASED abuse of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has aroused popular concern for its complications and has led the leading pharmaceutical manufacturer to withdraw its supplies from investigational use. Recent reports, especially those in the lay press, give the impression of an increasing incidence of persistent psychoses, associating the observations with the illicit use of LSD.1,2 The...
Archives of General Psychiatry
September 1, 1966
Arnold M. Ludwig
640 citations
BENEATH man's thin veneer of consciousness lies a relatively uncharted realm of mental activity, the nature and function of which have been neither systematically explored nor adequately conceptualized. Despite numerous clinical and research reports on daydreaming, sleep and dream states, hypnosis, sensory deprivation, hysterical states of dissociation and depersonalization, pharmacologically...
Archives of General Psychiatry
September 1, 1966
Stephen Szára
33 citations
SIMPLE INDOLE derivatives like the alkylated tryptamines, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), produce psychotogenic-like symptoms similar to lysergic acid diethyemide (LSD) and mescaline.1-4 One of the important metabolic pathways of DET has been shown to be by 6-hydroxylation.5The known metabolic pathways of DET are summarized in Fig 1. Other investigators have...
Archives of General Psychiatry
April 1, 1966
E. Rodin�
30 citations
SINCE the accidental discovery of the Psychosomimetic properties of Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) by Stoll,1in 1947, a great amount of work has been carried out to elucidate the behavioral effects and pathophysiological mechanisms of action of this substance. The literature on this topic is steadily growing and contains now more than 1,000 publications.2 There are several studies...
Archives of General Psychiatry
February 1, 1966
Mary Sarett
10 citations
THOUGH ALCOHOLICS have been treated with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and similar psychodelic substances now for over a decade and many papers have reported the results of such treatment,1-15considerable controversy remains as to what can be accomplished by these means. The results reported have varied from no change to very encouraging; moreover, while investigators have frequently...
Archives of General Psychiatry
August 1, 1964
H Kuramochi
9 citations
A. Hofmann first noted that extraordinary psychic symptoms were induced by LSD-25 (D-lysergic acid diethylamide). Subsequently, W. A. Stoll25and G. Condrau5discussed these symptoms from a phenomenological point of view. Since then numerous studies have been made including those by J. Delay,7M. Rinkel,21W. Frederking,8,9S. Salvatore,22and H. Isbell and associates.12In spite of these...
Archives of General Psychiatry
May 1, 1964
Harriet B. Linton
8 citations
There has been, thus far, virtually no exploration of anempiricalbasis of the patterning of subjective reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25). Previous studies have been limited to general descriptions of the drug's effects, and the rare attempts to group the various specific effects have been based on a priori clinical concepts1(reviewed elsewhere). Furthermore, the relationships...
Archives of General Psychiatry
June 1, 1963
Donald M. Krus
15 citations
The major question posed in this report is whether chronic schizophrenics show less psychologic response to the administration of a given dosage of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) than do normal adults. Data relevant to this question are of importance in at least three ways: (1) they are of relevance in delineating the mechanism of action of LSD insofar as such mechanisms—whether...
Archives of General Psychiatry
May 1, 1963
Sidney Cohen
105 citations
Recently the authors1briefly reported complications and misuses associated with hallucinogenic drugs, such as D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Recently, an increasing number of adverse reactions to these drugs have occurred, and a discussion of the nature of the complications appears indicated. It is not our intention to minimize the potential value of these agents. Rather, we wish to...
Archives of General Psychiatry
May 1, 1963
Gerald D. Klee
60 citations
In 1947, Stoll32in Switzerland reported on the effects of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), an ergot derivative which can produce profound psychological effects in humans when it is given in minute doses. Since that time, a large volume of literature has grown up around this substance. LSD has been put to many uses. Its chemical interactions within the body have been studied with the as...
Archives of General Psychiatry
May 1, 1962
B. Cohen, G. Rosenbaum, E. Luby et al.
131 citations
In a previous report7the administration of phencyclidine hydrochloride, a chemical compound with anesthetic and sedative properties, was shown to produce profound disturbances in reaction time, motor learning, and weight discrimination. These findings were obtained with normal subjects who had been given subanesthetic doses of the drug. The degree and pattern of drug-produced deficits closely...