Pharmacopsychiatry
2005
R Bücheler, C H Gleiter, P Schwoerer et al.
63 citations
: We want to call attention to a mint plant, called diviner's sage ( Salvia divinorum), originally used in shamanic ceremonies of the Mazatec Indians of Mexico. On numerous websites of the internet, this ancient herbal drug and its extracts are offered as a legal means of widening individual awareness. Regarding its dose-response relationship, the active ingredient, salvinorin A, is one of the...
Pharmacopsychiatry
November 1, 2004
G Skuza, K Wedzony
Sigma (sigma) receptors, first defined as a subclass of opioid receptors, later confounded with the high affinity phencyclidine (PCP) binding sites, now are regarded as unique binding sites, distinct from opiate and PCP receptors, and related to higher brain function. The investigation of functional significance of sigma receptors in the brain has been hampered for many years by relative lack...
Pharmacopsychiatry
July 1, 1998
A. Dittrich
597 citations
The APZ questionnaire was developed in order to explore hypotheses on ASCs. First -- in a series of 11 experiments using different induction methods on N = 393 healthy subjects -- the hypothesis was tested that ASCs have major dimensions in common irrespective of the mode of their induction. In the International Study on Altered States of Consciousness (ISASC) the external validity of the...
Pharmacopsychiatry
July 1, 1998
Franz X. Vollenweider
131 citations
Recent research into the pharmacological mechanism of hallucinogens (LSD, psilocybin) and dissociative anesthetics (PCP, ketamine) suggest that multiple neurotransmitter systems are involved in drug-induced and possibly also in naturally occurring psychoses. Specifically, animal models suggest that a dysbalance between serotonin, glutamate, and dopamine in the limbic cortico-striato-thalamic...
Pharmacopsychiatry
July 1, 1998
Leo Hermle, Euphrosyne Gouzoulis‐mayfrank, Matthew W. Spitzer
44 citations
The psychological, neuropsychological, and neurometabolic effects of the hallucinogenic agent mescaline were investigated in 12 normal male volunteers. Between 3 1/2 and 4 hours after drug intake, mescaline produced an acute psychotomimetic state, as measured by the BPRS and PDS-P. The APZ questionnaire revealed the specific effects of mescaline in the visual system. Neuropsychological effects...
Pharmacopsychiatry
July 1, 1998
K.-A. Kovar
32 citations
Amphetamines, tryptamines, phencyclidines, tetrahydrocannabinol and substances of the ecstasy group are characterized as stimulants, hallucinogens and entactogens. The various effects of each group and their mode of action in different transmitter systems are described. 28 new compounds of the amphetamine and tryptamine series has been calculated, which exceed the hallucinogenic effects of...
Pharmacopsychiatry
July 1, 1998
Euphrosyne Gouzoulis‐mayfrank, Frank Schneider, J. Friedrich et al.
16 citations
Human experimental research with hallucinogenic drugs is potentially able to identify linking variables between the psycho(patho)logical conditions and neurobiological alterations involved in both pharmacologically induced and naturally occurring acute psychotic states. A number of methodological aspects should be considered when planning modern experimental studies with hallucinogenic drugs....
Pharmacopsychiatry
July 1998
Euphrosyne Gouzoulis‐mayfrank, L Hermle, B Thelen et al.
Systematic scientific interest in psychedelic substances has a tradition of about 100 years. Numerous human experimental studies have confirmed the existence of a common nucleus of experiences in hallucinogen-induced states and the acute stages of schizophrenic psychoses. However, the degree of resemblance between endogenous and drug-induced psychotic states has been an issue of controversial...
Pharmacopsychiatry
July 1, 1998
Walid Abi‐saab, Deepak C D'Souza, Bita Moghaddam et al.
Drug models have been extensively used to study the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. While they provide good insight into the neurobiology of this disorder, they have several shortcomings, which if known, help in the interpretation of results. In this paper we will discuss these shortcomings in general, and in relation to the N-methyl D-aspartate antagonist model for schizophrenia. This model...
Pharmacopsychiatry
July 1998
U Schneider, F M Leweke, K R Mueller-Vahl et al.
Cognitive impairments during psychotic episodes are assumed to be caused not only by one single putative classical neurotransmitter dysfunction but also to be due to an impaired equilibrium of the interaction between different neurobiological generators of cognitive processes. Here, the perceptual abnormalities induced by psychotogenic agents play a major role as tools for understanding model...
Pharmacopsychiatry
1975
Roland A. Fischer, Hy Goldman
4 citations
D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) displays (1) the phenylethylamine pattern present in mescaline, cyclazocine and catecholamines and (2) the 4-substituted tryptamine structure of psilocybin which is a serotonin analog. Hence (a) Naloxone--a blocker of the LSD-like side effects of cyclazocine--should (and does) block effects of LSD, and (b) cross-tolerance may be present between LSD and...
Pharmacopsychiatry
1973
Richard M. Hill, Roland Fischer
8 citations
There is a “natural” tendency to misjudge the position of the visual as compared to the gravitational vertical. A 160 µg/kg psilocybin-induced accentuation of this misjudgment in 16 college-age volunteers, and a further augmentation in their accentuated drug response after exposure to strong body distortion is reported.
Pharmacopsychiatry
November 1, 1971
H Leuner
20 citations
Die Anwendung von Schwellendosen eines Halluzinogens (LSD-25, Psilocybin, CZ-74 und CEY-19) in der Psychotherapie erstreckt sich in der hier beschriebenen sog. psycholytischen Behandlung auf die Aktivierung unbewußten Konfliktmaterials in einer besonders intensiv erlebbaren und für den Probanden sinnträchtigen Weise. Die chemisch-pharmakologische Eigenwirkung der Halluzinogene kann über ihrer...
Pharmacopsychiatry
March 1, 1971
Albert A. Kurland, Charles Savage, Walter N. Pahnke et al.
110 citations
The use of LSD in the treatment of alcoholism has led to many claims concerning the drug's efficacy. Efforts to verify these reports in controlled studies have been difficult because of the unique effects of LSD. Despite this formidable methodological obstacle a number of investigations have been carried out. A critique of these is presented followed by our own research experience in a...
Pharmacopsychiatry
July 1, 1970
R.M. Hill, R. Fischer
6 citations
Using apparent fronto-parallel plane (AFP) monitoring techniques, the relative stability of the abathic plane, i.e., Euclidean visual space, was investigated in 16 volunteers with a median age of 23.5 years under 160 µg/kg psilocybin-induced ergotropic arousal. Handwriting area and pressure were also measured in the same subjects.
Pharmacopsychiatry
November 1, 1969
Peter Gwynne, Roland Fischer, Richard Hill
8 citations
The influence of personality structure on the stability of perceptual performance, specifically the degree of reproducibility under hypnotic induction of the psilocybinproduced lowering of spatial distortion thresholds, was investigated in two "variable" and two "stable" psilocybin reactors, that is, subjects who displayed variable and stable MMPI profiles under both control conditions and the...
Pharmacopsychiatry
November 1, 1968
R Fischer, Diana Warshay
11 citations
Autonomic, perceptual, and behavioral changes induced by 160 µg/kg psilocybin were studied in a homogenous sample of 15 self-selected College educated male and female volunteers. The subjects were rank ordered as to the extent of drug-induced psychopathology using their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory pre-drug to drug peak differences scores. Extent of variability on simple...