Simon D. Brandt - The Consciousness Library

Preparation and analytical characterization of 1‐(1‐phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine (PCP) and 1‐(1‐phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine (PCPy) analogues

Drug Testing and Analysis April 2, 2013 Jason Wallach, Giorgia de Paoli, Adeboye Adejare et al. 21 citations

Classic examples of psychoactive arylcycloalkylamines include ketamine and 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine (PCP) and many others serve as important structural templates for neuropharmacological research. The recent emergence of PCP analogues that can be obtained from internet retailers requires the implementation of appropriate monitoring strategies for harm reduction purposes. Access to...

DOI: 10.1002/dta.1468 Pyrrolidine Piperidine Mass spectrometry Electrospray ionization +6

Investigations into the polymorphic properties of N,N-dimethyltryptamine by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry

Microchemical Journal March 20, 2013 Alain Gaujac, James L. Ford, Nicola M. Dempster et al. 10 citations

The powerful psychoactive features of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) have sparked the imagination of many research disciplines for several decades. One of the key chemical features associated with compound identity is the determination of melting points. The descriptions of both melting points and morphology associated with DMT free base have long been a source of interest and discussion,...

DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.03.009 Differential scanning calorimetry Acetonitrile Recrystallization geology Melting point +7

Determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in beverages consumed in religious practices by headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry

Talanta February 1, 2013 Alain Gaujac, Nicola M. Dempster, Sandro Navickiene et al. 29 citations

A novel analytical approach combining solid-phase microextraction (SPME)/gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT-MS) was developed for the detection and quantification N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a powerful psychoactive indole alkaloid present in a variety of South American indigenous beverages, such as ayahuasca and vinho da jurema. These particular plant products, often used...

DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.017 Solid-phase microextraction Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Ion trap Detection limit

AMT (3‐(2‐aminopropyl)indole) and 5‐IT (5‐(2‐aminopropyl)indole): an analytical challenge and implications for forensic analysis

Drug Testing and Analysis October 5, 2012 Simon Elliott, Simon D. Brandt, Sally Freeman et al. 36 citations

5‐(2‐Aminopropyl)indole (5‐IT) and 3‐(2‐aminopropyl)indole (α‐methyltryptamine, AMT) are isomeric substances and their differentiation can be a challenge under routine analytical conditions, especially when reference material is unavailable. 5‐IT represents a very recent addition to the battery of new psychoactive substances that are commercially available from online retailers. This report...

DOI: 10.1002/dta.1420 Indole test Medicinal chemistry Chromatography

Mitigation of post‐traumatic stress symptoms by Cannabis resin: A review of the clinical and neurobiological evidence

Drug Testing and Analysis June 26, 2012 Torsten Passie, Hinderk M. Emrich, Matthias Karst et al. 114 citations

It is known from clinical studies that some patients attempt to cope with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by using recreational drugs. This review presents a case report of a 19-year-old male patient with a spectrum of severe PTSD symptoms, such as intense flashbacks, panic attacks, and self-mutilation, who discovered that some of his major symptoms were dramatically...

DOI: 10.1002/dta.1377 Traumatic stress Anxiety Amygdala Panic +3

Analytical techniques for the determination of tryptamines and β‐carbolines in plant matrices and in psychoactive beverages consumed during religious ceremonies and neo‐shamanic urban practices

Drug Testing and Analysis May 11, 2012 Alain Gaujac, Sandro Navickiene, Mark I. Collins et al. 33 citations

The consumption of ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic beverage used by indigenous communities in the Amazon, is increasing worldwide due to the expansion of syncretic religions founded in the north of Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century, such as Santo Daime and União do Vegetal . Another example is the jurema wine, a drink that originated from indigenous cultures of the northeast of...

DOI: 10.1002/dta.1343 Ayahuasca Shamanism Tryptamines Hallucinogen +6

Synthesis and characterization of 5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐N,N‐dialkylated tryptamines

Drug Testing and Analysis 2012 Simon D. Brandt, Ruchanok Tearavarich, Nicola M. Dempster et al. 10 citations

The absence of reference material is a commonly experienced difficulty among medical and forensic professionals tasked with identifying new psychoactive substances that are encountered for the first time. The identification of newly emerging substances lies at the heart of forensic and clinical analysis, and a proactive public health policy calls for a thorough analysis of the properties of new...

DOI: 10.1002/dta.398 Tryptamines Iminium Designer drug Mass spectrometry +6

Salvia divinorum use and phenomenology: results from an online survey.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) November 1, 2011 Harry Sumnall, Fiona Measham, Simon D. Brandt et al. 38 citations

Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant with ethnopharmacological and recreational uses. It differs from classic serotonergic hallucinogens such as LSD and psilocin in both phenomenology and potent agonist activity of the active component salvinorin A at κ-opioid receptors. Awareness of S. divinorum has grown recently, with both an increase in its public representation and concern over its...

DOI: 10.1177/0269881110385596 Full text Salvia divinorum Hallucinogenic plant Psychoactive plant User experiences +15

Special issue on illicit drugs

Drug Testing and Analysis September 1, 2011 Simon D. Brandt 5 citations

The agony and the ecstasy associated with the area of illicit drugs is a matter of constant interest today. Prevalence of use, availability of reference standards, and novel detection methods provide many challenging and exciting opportunities, particularly when dealing with increasing levels of novelty and complexity within a globalized world. This special issue aims to present a snapshot of a...

DOI: 10.1002/dta.308 Ecstasy Variety cybernetics Drugs of abuse Recreational drug +7

Microwave‐accelerated preparation and analytical characterization of 5‐ethoxy‐N,N‐dialkyl‐[α,α,β,β‐H4]‐ and [α,α,β,β‐D4]‐tryptamines

Drug Testing and Analysis December 29, 2010 Ruchanok Tearavarich, Viwat Hahnvajanawong, Nicola M. Dempster et al. 10 citations

The increased interest in N,N-dialkyl tryptamines is a reflection of their diverse range of biologically active properties. Deuterated derivatives are of interest for use as internal standards in bioanalytical or pharmacological assays. The present study reports on the synthesis of twelve novel 5-ethoxy-N,N-dialkyl-[α,α,β,β-H(4) ]-tryptamines and their [α,α,β,β-D(4) ]-counterparts following the...

DOI: 10.1002/dta.223 Tryptamines Iminium Tetrahydrofuran Mass spectrometry +7

The confusing case of NRG-1

BMJ July 6, 2010 Simon D. Brandt, Harry Sumnall, Fiona Measham et al. 57 citations

Since the recent ban on mephedrone,1 2several alternative products have been introduced on internet websites. One of the most prominently discussed second generation products is Energy 1 (NRG-1), also advertised as naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone, O-2482), which originated from a group of compounds previously described in the medicinal chemistry …

DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c3564 Mephedrone The internet Internet privacy World wide web +1

Characterization of the synthesis of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine by reductive amination using gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry

Drug Testing and Analysis July 1, 2010 Simon D. Brandt, Sharon A. Moore, Sally Freeman et al. 14 citations

The present study established an impurity profile of a synthetic route to the hallucinogenic N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). The synthesis was carried out under reductive amination conditions between tryptamine and aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of acetic acid followed by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride. Analytical characterization of this synthetic route was carried out by gas...

DOI: 10.1002/dta.142 Reductive amination Sodium cyanoborohydride Tryptamine Sodium borohydride +6

Characterisation of a proposed internet synthesis of N,N-dimethyltryptamine using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry.

Journal of chromatography. A August 14, 2009 Cláudia P.B. Martins, Sally Freeman, John F. Alder et al. 11 citations

The psychoactive properties of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) are known to induce altered states of consciousness in humans. These properties attract great interest from clinical, neuroscientific, clandestine and forensic communities. The Breath of Hope Synthesis was reported on an internet website as a convenient two-step methodology for the preparation of DMT. The analytical characterisation of...

DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.060 Full text

Halogenated solvent interactions with N,N-dimethyltryptamine: formation of quaternary ammonium salts and their artificially induced rearrangements during analysis.

Forensic Science International July 4, 2008 Simon D. Brandt, Cláudia P.B. Martins, Sally Freeman et al. 10 citations

The psychoactive properties of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1a are known to induce altered states of consciousness in humans. This particular attribute attracts great interest from a variety of scientific and also clandestine communities. Our recent research has confirmed that DMT reacts with dichloromethane (DCM), either as a result of work-up or storage to give a quaternary N-chloromethyl...

DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.03.013 Full text

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and dichloromethane: Rearrangement of quaternary ammonium salt product during GC–EI and CI-MS–MS analysis

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis December 28, 2007 Simon D. Brandt, Cláudia P.B. Martins, Sally Freeman et al. 10 citations

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 is a simple tryptamine derivative with powerful psychoactive properties. It is abundant in nature and easily accessible through a variety of synthetic routes. Most work-up procedures require the use of organic solvents and halogenated representatives are often employed. DMT was found to be reactive towards dichloromethane, either during work-up or long term...

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.12.024 Dichloromethane Tryptamine Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Indole test +3

Analytical chemistry of synthetic routes to psychoactive tryptamines : Part II. Characterisation of the Speeter and Anthony synthetic route to N,N-dialkylated tryptamines using GC-EI-ITMS, ESI-TQ-MS-MS and NMR

The Analyst 2005 Simon D. Brandt, Sally Freeman, Ian A. Fleet et al. 46 citations

The degree of alkylation of the side chain nitrogen in tryptamines is one important factor that affects psychoactivity. The method of Speeter and Anthony is considered to be one of the most important synthetic preparative methods. The final step in this reaction is based on the reduction of a (substituted) indole-3-yl-glyoxalylamide to the desired tryptamine with metal hydride. Twelve...

DOI: 10.1039/b413014f Tryptamines Mass spectrometry Conformational isomerism Chemical shift +9

Analytical chemistry of synthetic routes to psychoactive tryptamines : Part III. Characterisation of the Speeter and Anthony route to N,N-dialkylated tryptamines using CI-IT-MS-MS

The Analyst 2005 Simon D. Brandt, Sally Freeman, Ian A. Fleet et al. 10 citations

Twelve symmetrically and 13 asymmetrically N,N-disubstituted glyoxalylamide precursors and their corresponding tryptamine derivatives have been characterised by gas chromatography low-pressure chemical ionisation ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (CI-IT-MS-MS) with internal (in situ) ionisation using methanol as the chemical ionisation reagent. Mass spectral differences and similarities between...

DOI: 10.1039/b504001a Tryptamines Iminium Tandem mass spectrometry Chemical ionization +7

Analytical chemistry of synthetic routes to psychoactive tryptamines : Part I. Characterisation of the Speeter and Anthony synthetic route to 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine using ESI-MS-MS and ESI-TOF-MS

The Analyst 2004 Simon D. Brandt, Sally Freeman, Ian A. Fleet et al. 27 citations

5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), a new psychoactive tryptamine derivative, has been synthesised by the Speeter and Anthony procedure. This synthetic route was characterised by ESI-MS-MS, ESI-TOF-MS and NMR. Side products have been identified as 3-(2-N,N-diisopropylamino-ethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol (5), 2-N,N-diisopropylamino-1-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol (6),...

DOI: 10.1039/b407239c Tryptamines Synthetic cannabinoids Ethanol Derivative finance +3

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