Mindfulness skills mediate the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depressive symptoms over 24 months, and this mediation is stronger for people with more severe depression. Among 424 adults with recurrent depression, those with higher severity showed an expected 10-point reduction on the Beck Depression Inventory-II, compared to a 3.5-point reduction for those with lower severity. The findings suggest MBCT with antidepressant tapering support works through a unique mechanism—mindfulness skills—that differs from maintenance medication alone, supporting personalized treatment for recurrent depression.
Most adolescents (69%-80%) followed stable low-problem trajectories for depression risk, social-emotional-behavioural functioning, wellbeing, and anxiety over a one-year school-based mindfulness intervention trial. However, 11%-23% experienced stable high-problem trajectories, 2%-16% showed increasing problems, and 1%-5% showed decreasing problems. Receiving the mindfulness intervention did not affect which trajectory adolescents followed. Individual factors like executive functioning difficulties and baseline mental health risk, along with school climate, predicted trajectory membership, but these effects did not differ between intervention and control groups. The findings indicate that universal interventions may not address the diverse needs of all students.
Universal school-based mindfulness training can benefit young people, but it is unclear who benefits most, how it works, and how implementation affects outcomes. A scoping review of 31 studies found mixed evidence on moderators such as age or gender. Five studies showed that increased mindfulness skills and reduced cognitive reactivity and self-criticism after training predicted better outcomes later. Twenty-five studies examined implementation factors, but methodological shortcomings limit conclusions. The authors propose a conceptual model to guide future research and theory development.