Among 5,897 adolescents in Yunnan Province, China, 34.6% reported having engaged in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) at some point in their lives. School bullying was linked to roughly double the odds of NSSI, while higher mindfulness scores were associated with slightly lower NSSI risk. Mindfulness partially explained the connection between bullying and NSSI, accounting for about a third of the association. Of the mindfulness components, acting with awareness showed the strongest mediating effect. Enhancing mindfulness, particularly acting with awareness, may help reduce NSSI related to school bullying.
An EEG-based positive feedback mechanism for VR mindfulness meditation improves emotion regulation more than meditation without feedback. The system computes emotional state from EEG, assesses relaxation progress, and adapts feedback in real time. In a randomized controlled trial with 36 participants, both physiological measures and self-reported relaxation increased significantly with the feedback mechanism compared to interventions without feedback. The findings suggest that personalized, adaptive feedback can enhance engagement and effectiveness in digital mental health interventions.
A proposed interaction design model for virtual reality (VR) mindfulness meditation uses imagery-based transformation and positive feedback to help users quickly soothe negative emotions. Building on traditional mindfulness meditation, the model specifies three steps: an interaction guidance process, an interaction experience context, and an interaction feedback mechanism. Two scenarios were built based on these steps. Experimental results suggest the design can effectively alleviate anxiety and provide emotional relief. The transformation model is offered as a reference for VR mindfulness meditation systems and as a new idea for non-pharmacological interventions in psychotherapy.