Neuropharmacology
February 23, 2011
Danuta Marona‐lewicka, Charles D. Nichols, David E Nichols
Many people who take LSD experience a second temporal phase of LSD intoxication that is qualitatively different, and was described by Daniel Freedman as "clearly a paranoid state." We have previously shown that the discriminative stimulus effects of LSD in rats also occur in two temporal phases, with initial effects mediated by activation of 5-HT(2A) receptors (LSD30), and the later temporal...
Neuropharmacology
January 20, 2011
Adam L. Halberstadt, Mark A. Geyer
Serotonergic hallucinogens produce profound changes in perception, mood, and cognition. These drugs include phenylalkylamines such as mescaline and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), and indoleamines such as (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin. Despite their differences in chemical structure, the two classes of hallucinogens produce remarkably similar subjective effects in...
2011
Bridget Simonson
1 citation
Classic kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists have shown anti-addictive properties in rat models of addiction (Heidbreder et al. 1998; Schenk et al. 1999; Sun et al. 2010), and this has been shown to be partially through modulation of dopamine and serotonin in the synapse (Thompson et al. 2000; Zhang et al. 2004; Zakharova et al. 2008a). However, they have side effects such as depression and...
Figshare
2011
Aashish S Morani
1 citation
Rationale: Kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) activation by traditional agonists has been shown to produce anti-addiction behaviours. However, adverse effects such as sedation, aversion and depression have limited their clinical development. Recently, salvinorin A (Sal A), an active component of the plant Salvia divinorum was shown to be a potent and selective KOPr agonist. Sal A has a short duration...
Neuropharmacology
2011
Laura Hondebrink, Jan Meulenbelt, Marieke Meijer et al.
The popular synthetic drug of abuse 3,4-methylenedioxymethampetamine (MDMA) and its metabolite 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) act mainly on the serotonergic system, though they also increase the amount of extracellular dopamine (DA) in the brain, presumably via reversal of the membrane dopamine transporter (DAT). As the involvement of exocytotic DA release is debated, we investigated if...
Topics in current chemistry
2011
Kimberly M Lovell, Katherine M Prevatt-Smith, Anthony Lozama et al.
17 citations
Salvinorin A is a neoclerodane diterpene that has been shown to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Its unique structure makes it an attractive target for synthetic organic chemists due to its seven chiral centers and diterpene scaffold. This molecule is also interesting to pharmacologists because it is a non-serotonergic hallucinogen, and the first opioid ligand discovered that lacks a...
British Journal of Pharmacology
December 30, 2010
Susan Schenk, David Gittings, Joyce Colussi‐mas
61 citations
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Animal models of drug‐seeking suggest that exposure to cues associated with self‐administered drugs and drug primes might precipitate relapse via activation of central dopaminergic substrates. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of priming injections of dopamine and 5‐HT agonists on drug‐seeking and effects of dopamine antagonists on methylenedioxymethamphetamine...
NeuroQuantology
November 11, 2010
D. Comings
4 citations
Spirituality is defined as a sense of being connected with something greater than oneself. That something can be a supernatural entity, nature, a social group or a family. Different studies show that a wide range of factors that influence temporal lobe function can produce hallucinations, paranormal, spiritual, mystical, and religious experiences. These factors include the electrical...
Synapse
October 8, 2010
Charles V. Vorhees, Elizabeth He, Matthew R. Skelton et al.
(+)‐Methamphetamine (MA), (±)‐3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), (+)‐amphetamine (AMPH), and (±)‐fenfluramine (FEN) are phenylethylamines with CNS effects. At higher doses, each induces protracted reductions in brain dopamine (DA) and/or serotonin. Chronic MA and MDMA users show persistent monoamine reductions and cognitive impairments. In rats, similar neurochemical effects can be...
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi
October 2010
Chien-Hui Liou, Chang-Wei Hsieh, Chao-Hsien Hsieh et al.
Some research has shown that melatonin levels increase after meditation practices, but other research has shown that they do not. In our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we found positive activation of the pineal body during Chinese Original Quiet Sitting (COQS). To find other supporting evidence for pineal activation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of...