Generally, abstract concepts refer to aspects that point to subjective and introspective characteristics. A concept is considered abstract when it has no direct physical counterpart and refers to properties that emerge from individual experience. The mind is often considered an abstract entity because it is not directly observable in the way a material object is. This has given rise to the...
This preprint proposes a thermodynamic framework for phenomenal consciousness, addressing the "hard problem" of why certain physical processes are accompanied by subjective experience (qualia). Consciousness is hypothesized to emerge in predictive, self-organizing systems that actively sustain steep, localized informational entropy gradients. These gradients are maintained by dynamic...
In Indian religious traditions, the attainment of death with full conscious awareness has long been idealized, reflecting the deep ontological connection posited between death and liberation (mokṣa). Within this framework, Jainism—grounded in a rigorous soul–matter dualism—developed highly systematized practices that aim to separate consciousness from both the body and karma not only at the...
Flow is a state of optimal experience characterized by full concentration, intrinsic motivation, and a sense of control during an activity. This study explores the flow experience of female university students in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) while memorizing the Qur’an. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five...
The continuity hypothesis of dreaming states that dreams reflect waking life, however, research has also shown that dreams can affect waking life, e.g., creativity, daytime mood. So far, factors that are associated with the effect of dreams on waking life have been rarely studied. Overall, 2492 persons (1437 woman, 1055 men) with a mean age of 47.75 ± 14.41 years participated in the study. The...
Objective: To investigate how contemplative pedagogy—rooted in contemplative consciousness—can reframe educational paradigms by leveraging a neurophenomenological understanding of consciousness as an irreducible, embodied, and emergent phenomenon. Method: This study adopts a neurophenomenological methodology, integrating first-person experiential insights with third-person perspectives on...
Background: Changes in well-being, personality, and personal values have been documented post-psilocybin; however, evidence from placebo-controlled trials is limited. Aims: To examine the effects of psilocybin versus placebo on psychiatric symptoms, personality, and personal values in healthy participants. Potential mediators were also explored. Methods: This secondary analysis used data from a...
Öz. Geleneksel olarak bir bireyin bireyliğini kazanması belli bir sosyo-kültürel çevreye doğmuş bebeğin dil gelişimine paralel olarak bilincinin ve zihninin doğadan ayrışmaya başlamasıyla mümkün olduğu düşünülmüştür. Bu süreç teknik terimlerle ifade edilirse bilinç öncesinden subjektif bilince, subjektiften ise objektif bilince, oradan refleksif bilince ve onun da ötesine ahlaki normatif...
The intensity of the psychedelic experience has been shown to be associated with its clinical efficacy. This study aims to investigate the factors that may influence the level of altered consciousness during naturalistic psychedelic use, which serves as a proxy for the intensity of the psychedelic experience. A retrospective online survey was conducted on individuals who reported a psychedelic...
J. L. Moreno had an enormous influence on the development of both humanistic psychology and transpersonal psychology. As early as 1918, he was led to the development of psychodrama by his ideas and philosophy, his intuitive, insightful understanding of human nature, his investigation of the social structures of groups and community, and his spiritual beliefs. Moreno’s creative ideas had a...