Osho’s philosophical discourse in From Sex to Superconsciousness offers a stimulating yet cohesive framework in which sexuality is not regarded as opposing spirituality but rather as its essential energetic foundation. This research paper offers a comprehensive examination of his discourse, positioning it at the combination of Eastern mysticism, Tantric traditions, Western psychology, and...
We formulate a phenomenological effective field theory in which biological intelligence emerges as a macroscopic order parameter sustained by continuous metabolic flux. By modeling cognition as a coarse-grained neural activity field governed by a variational free energy, we derive closed-form expressions for information capacity and structural susceptibility using a Gaussian maximum entropy...
Consciousness is fundamentally temporal—not merely occurring in time, but constituted through time. We propose that phenomenal subjectivity emerges from temporally extended memory accumulation rather than instantaneous processing. Drawing on hierarchical cognition ([Author], in press-c), need-based memory organization ([Author], in press-b), and attention-driven differentiation ([Author], in...
BiomedicinesFebruary 21, 2026Maximiliano Ganado, Carmen Rubio, Javier Pérez-villavicencio et al.
The neuropharmacology of psychedelics has traditionally focused on serotonergic mechanisms, particularly 5-HT2A receptor activation. However, this paradigm incompletely explains the diversity of neurobiological and therapeutic effects observed across psychedelic compounds. Non-classical psychedelics such as salvinorin A, the primary active constituent of Salvia divinorum, challenge this...
Summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence on ayahuasca—a traditional Amazonian brew combining N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carbolines—in treating depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use, eating, and personality disorders. Preclinical work shows enhanced neuroplasticity, reduced inflammation, and oxidative stress. Human neuroimaging reveals decreased default...
Consciousness is the window of the brain and reflects many fundamental cognitive properties involving both computational and cognitive mechanisms. A collection of these properties was described as the"easy problems"by Chalmers, including the ability to discriminate, categorize, and react to stimuli; information integration; reportability; information access; attention; deliberate control; and...
Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to analyze the metaphysical distinction between the "Field" (Kṣetra) and the "Knower" (Kṣetrajña) as presented in the Thirteenth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita to establish a foundation for conscious leadership. It explores the systematic learnings and twenty virtues identified in this framework that facilitate detached engagement and ethical...
This book presents a groundbreaking exploration of humanity's quest for altered states, from ancient psychoactive rituals to immersive AI and virtual reality, and examines their continued impact on cognition, culture, governance, and identity. Drawing on decades of global fieldwork and interdisciplinary research, Dr Sheldon Lee Gosline traces compelling connections between the regulation of...
Background: Meditation is a mental practice in which a person intentionally focuses their mind on a particular object, thought, sensation or awareness to cultivate calmness, clarity, emotional balance and heightened consciousness. Meditation significantly influences the autonomic nervous system by reducing sympathetic activity and enhancing parasympathetic activity. Aim: The present study was...
Studying visual consciousness in animals has provided important insights into its neural mechanisms, due to the availability of precise neural recording and perturbation techniques. On one hand, animals can serve as models to understand the neural underpinnings of visual consciousness and its disorders in humans. On the other hand, investigating the presence of consciousness and comparing...