Purpose: The question of how human beings come to know — what counts as knowledge, how beliefs are validated, which cognitive processes are trustworthy, and what the ultimate purpose of knowing is — lies at the heart of philosophy across every civilisation. Western epistemology and the epistemological traditions of India represent two of the most richly developed responses to these questions in...
Why is God hidden? How might God be pointed out? In this timely study, Chad Engelland provides an original and compelling account of why God the creator is naturally hidden and how God can be intended. Drawing on phenomenology, philosophy of language, and medieval thought, he explores these questions, arguing that if the God in question is the ultimate source of all things, then hiddenness is...
Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 297/909), one of the prominent figures of early sufism, stands out as among the first sufis to systematically and analytically articulate sufi concepts during the formative period of sufism. His explanation of the experience of tawḥīd (divine unity) within a framework of self-purification (tazkiyat al-nafs), contemplation (tafakkur), annihilation (fanā’), subsistence with...
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis face prolonged biopsychosocial and existential burdens due to their lifelong dependence on renal replacement therapy. Amid physical limitations, changes in social roles, and the constant threat of death, many patients actually rediscover the meaning of life through processes of self-transcendence, spirituality, and existential...
This article presents approaches to the reception of religion proposed by the German sociologist and phenomenologist Gustav Mensching (1901-1978). Mensching’s primary goal was to identify a more meaningful perspective for studying religion in its existential and social essence. He proposed considering the interdisciplinary interaction between sociology of religion and phenomenology of religion,...
Background.The article addresses the problem of the genesis of stage action and considers shamanic ritual as one of the early cultural forms in which the basic mechanisms of theatricality emerge. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that, in contemporary cultural studies and theatre studies, the relationship between ritual and theatre remains methodologically significant, while...
This study examines the lived spiritual communication experiences of nine adherents of the Budi Daya belief system in Cibedug Hamlet, Lembang, West Bandung, Indonesia. Employing Moustakas’s (1994) Transcendental Phenomenology — selected for its capacity to systematically uncover essential experiential structures through epoche, phenomenological reduction, and imaginative variation — the study...
PAPPASANGJune 30, 2026Muhammad Arwani Rofi'i, Muhammad Chirzin, Asif Trisnani et al.
This article examines the reconstruction of Sufi hadith epistemology in Manāhij al-Imdād by Syekh Ihsan Jampes and its relevance to the modern identity crisis. The contemporary identity crisis is characterized by fragmentation of the self, disorientation of meaning, and the dominance of instrumental rationality that marginalizes the spiritual dimension of human existence. This study aims to...
Ramana Maharshi’s practice of self-inquiry is a contemplative method aimed at investigating the nature of the “I” in order to loosen egoic identification and realize the self as non-dual awareness. His teachings emphasize that the true self is ever-present, self-aware, and not constituted by mental constructs. In this article, we propose a cognitive model in which self-inquiry can be understood...
ULUMUNAJune 30, 2026Mustamin Giling, Syaifuddin Syaifuddin, Harwis Harwis et al.
This article examines the dimension of divinity in the narrative of La Galigo through a phenomenologically oriented theological-hermeneutic analysis. This study is motivated by the fact that most studies on La Galigo have thus far emphasized the philological, structural, and cultural aspects of it, while the meaning of religious experience and divine consciousness contained in it is still...