American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
October 2002
Ernest L Rossi
This conceptual review explores some speculative associations between the neuroscience of expectancy and surprise during stress and therapeutic hypnosis. Current neuroscience is exploring how novel interactions between the organism and the environment initiate cascades of gene expression, protein synthesis, neurogenesis, and healing that operate via Darwinian principles of natural variation and...
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
September 2002
J Allan Hobson, Edward F Pace-Schott
Sleep can be addressed across the entire hierarchy of biological organization. We discuss neuronal-network and regional forebrain activity during sleep, and its consequences for consciousness and cognition. Complex interactions in thalamocortical circuits maintain the electroencephalographic oscillations of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Functional neuroimaging affords views of the human...
Neuropsychopharmacology
May 1, 2002
C Nichols
165 citations
Hallucinogenic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have profound effects on humans including hallucinations and detachment from reality. These remarkable behavioral effects have many similarities to the debilitating symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The effects of hallucinogens are thought to be mediated by serotonin receptor activation; however, how these...
Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology
2002
C Loeb, G F Poggio
This review presents an account of the areas and circuits of the brain that are thought to be involved in such cognitive functions as memory, affect and consciousness. Considerable progress has been made in the past two decades in the identification of the cerebral areas and in our understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in these functions, thanks in large parts to a number of imaging...
Journal of Neuroscience
May 15, 2001
D Kim, S A Thayer
The principal psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, has been shown to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity in vitro and can lead to impairment of memory in vivo. cAMP-induced changes in synaptic plasticity are thought to underlie memory formation. We examined the effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on forskolin-induced formation of new synapses between rat...
Neural Networks
2000
J R Peláez
Pattern completion in a neural network model of the thalamus and a biologically plausible model of synaptic plasticity are the key concepts used in this paper for analyzing some cognitive disorders that involve hallucinations of several kinds: visual hallucinations in the Charles Bonnet syndrome and psychedelic drugs consumption, somatic hallucination in phantom limbs, cognitive hallucinations...
October 1, 1999
R. Andrew Chambers, J. Douglas Bremner, Bita Moghaddam et al.
140 citations
Dissociative cognitive and perceptual alterations commonly occur at the time of traumatization and as an enduring feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After stress exposure, dissociative symptoms are a predictor of the development of PTSD. Recent preclinical data suggest that stress stimulates the cortico-limbic release of glutamate. The glutamate that is released during stress in...
Developmental medicine and child neurology
June 1999
D A Shewmon, G L Holmes, P A Byrne
According to traditional neurophysiological theory, consciousness requires neocortical functioning, and children born without cerebral hemispheres necessarily remain indefinitely in a developmental vegetative state. Four children between 5 and 17 years old are reported with congenital brain malformations involving total or near-total absence of cerebral cortex but who, nevertheless, possessed...
European Journal of Neuroscience
November 1998
T Hashimoto, Y Kajii, T Nishikawa
We have studied in the rat the effects of acute subcutaneous injection of psychotomimetics including methamphetamine (MAP), cocaine and phencyclidine (PCP) on the expression of a brain plasticity-related molecule, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNA, using non-radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry. In addition to the constitutive expression of tPA mRNA in cerebellar Purkinje...
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
May 30, 1997
F J Vocci, E D London
6 citations
New technologies utilized for monitoring brain function can be more sensitive in the assessment of desired or undesired pharmacological effects than can clinical examination. Nonetheless, careful case-by-case analysis is required to determine to what extent a change detected with a sensitive imaging modality will have clinical significance. Whereas in some instances the technology may suggest a...