Cognitive control impairment is a typical symptom largely reported in populations with neurological disorders. Previous studies have provided evidence about the changes in cognitive control induced by mind-body training. However, the neural correlates underlying the effect of extensive mind-body practice on cognitive control remain largely unknown. Using resting-state functional magnetic...
In cognitive science, "Consciousness" remains an interesting topic. Many scientists attempt to solve this mystery and try to understand the human mind mechanism. The fact is "consciousness is not a process; it is a result of process". Integrated sensory-motor loop (ISML) is responsible for consciousness. All other processes also driven by ISML such as self organizing, self learning and self...
Abstract Objective This research was aimed to evaluate the behaviors of short‐ or long‐term antidepressant effects of ketamine in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Background Ketamine, a glutamate noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, regulates excitatory amino acid functions, such as anxiety disorders and major depression, and plays an important role in synaptic plasticity...
Beneficial effects of cannabidiol (CBD) have been described for a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, psychosis, and depression. The mechanisms responsible for these effects, however, are still poorly understood. Similar to clinical antidepressant or atypical antipsychotic drugs, recent findings clearly indicate that CBD, either acutely or repeatedly administered, induces...
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is known to induce dependence and psychosis in humans. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the synaptic plasticity and neurotrophy in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. This study aimed to investigate the role of BDNF in MDMA-induced dependence and psychosis. A single dose of MDMA (10mg/kg) induced BDNF mRNA expression in the prefrontal...
Although a number of medications are available for treatment of depressive disorders, one of the major limitations of all present antidepressants is delayed onset of action [1]. In addition, despite recent advances in the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder, almost one third of patients fail to respond to any treatments [2]. In recent years, one of the...
Brain Research BulletinApril 2017Ghorbangol Ashabi, Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi, Solmaz Khalifeh et al.
Consumption of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1) agonist such as cannabis is widely taken in 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy users; it has been hypothesized that co-consumption of CB-1 agonist might protect neurons against MDMA toxicity. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors regulate neuronal plasticity and firing rate in the brain through Tyrosine-kinase B (Trk-B) activation....
To the Editors: R efractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and vexing clinical problem. Agents that modulate glutamate, including theN-methyl-Daspartate antagonist ketamine, have been the focus of recent interest for the treatment of this population, but experience to date has been mixed. Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant that enhances cellular mechanisms associated...
Current understanding of the neurobiology of depression has grown over the past few years beyond the traditional monoamine theory of depression to include chronic stress, inflammation and disrupted synaptic plasticity. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a key factor that not only promotes fibrinolysis via the activation of plasminogen, but also contributes to regulation of synaptic...
We previously found that body mass index (BMI) strongly predicted response to ketamine. Adipokines have a key role in metabolism (including BMI). They directly regulate inflammation and neuroplasticity pathways and also influence insulin sensitivity, bone metabolism and sympathetic outflow; all of these have been implicated in mood disorders. Here, we sought to examine the role of three key...