Psychopharmacology
January 2007
Jonathan P. Roiser, Robert D Rogers, Barbara J. Sahakian
A number of studies have compared ecstasy users to control groups on various measures of neuropsychological function in order to determine whether ecstasy use results in lasting cognitive deficits. However, few of those studies controlled adequately for non-ecstasy illicit drug use. The aim of this study was to investigate neuropsychological function in chronic ecstasy users while controlling...
Violence and victims
2007
Lesley Williams Reid, Kirk W Elifson, Claire E Sterk
While clinical studies have established a link between aggression and ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine [MDMA]), no research has attempted to explore how this link manifests itself in behavioral outcomes. In this research we examine the effects of ecstasy on aggressive and violent behavior in a sample of active users. Data were collected from 260 ecstasy users in Atlanta, Georgia....
2007
Kim P. C. Kuypers
2 citations
In addition to the positive effects, ecstasy use is also accompanied by short-term side effects occurring early, with respect to administration, and later on.Early short time side effects i.e. fatigue, lack of energy and difficulty concentrating, arise approximately 24 hours after MDMA ingestion.Late short-term side effects occur up to 7 days post-drug and are more or less comparable to early...
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry
2007
Rif S El-Mallakh, Henry David Abraham
17 citations
BACKGROUND: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue that is recreationally used to obtain a psychological effect of enhanced affiliative emotional response. Its use in Western countries appears to be increasing, particularly among young individuals. METHODS: Pertinent basic and clinical literature is critically reviewed. RESULTS: A significant...
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
2007
F. Gerard Moeller, Joel L. Steinberg, Scott D Lane et al.
39 citations
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) may provide information regarding effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use on brain structure. Twelve MDMA users and 20 healthy controls underwent whole brain DTI data acquisition. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (D(av)), and longitudinal (lambda(1)) and transverse (lambda(T)) diffusivities were compared between MDMA users and controls...
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
2007
Carla Macedo, Paula S. Branco, Luı́sa M. Ferreira et al.
36 citations
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy") is a widely abused, psychoactive recreational drug. There are growing evidences that the MDMA neurotoxic profile may be highly dependent on its hepatic metabolism. MDMA metabolism leads to the production of highly reactive derivates, namely catechols, catechol thioethers, and quinones. In this study the electrochemical oxidation-reduction...
Drug and Alcohol Review
2007
Kelly J. Clemens, Iain S. Mcgregor, Glenn E. Hunt et al.
55 citations
Abstract The substituted amphetamines 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘Ecstasy’) and methamphetamine (METH, ‘ice’, ‘speed’) are increasingly popular drugs amongst party‐drug users. Studies with humans have investigated the acute and possible long‐term adverse effects of these drugs, yet outcomes of such studies are often ambiguous due to a variety of confounding factors. Studies...
TheScientificWorldJournal
2007
Una D. Mccann, George A. Ricaurte
52 citations
Abuse of stimulant drugs invariably leads to a disruption in sleep-wake patterns by virtue of the arousing and sleep-preventing effects of these drugs. Certain stimulants, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), may also have the potential to produce persistent alterations in circadian regulation and sleep because they can be neurotoxic toward brain monoaminergic neurons involved in...
Journal of Psychopharmacology
November 1, 2006
Roland W. Freudenmann, Carlos Schönfeldt-lecuona, Manfred Spitzer et al.
4 citations
Depression in former ecstasy users may not respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) possibly due to damaged serotonergic synapses following long-term heavy ecstasy use. We report findings in a patient suffering from MDMA-induced depression which was refractory to several antidepressive medications including selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and SSRI. An add-on...
Neurotoxicology and Teratology
October 21, 2006
Brian J. Piper
54 citations
The entactogen +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) is a popular recreational drug among college, high school, and, occasionally, middle school students. Preclinical research examining the acute and long-term effects of MDMA has predominately been conducted in reproductively mature subjects but there has been increasing interest in adolescent and in utero exposure. This review...