Abstract Background Anhedonia, a prominent symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), severely impairs patients’ quality of life and is challenging to treat. Although esketamine has shown potential in treating anhedonia in adult treatment-resistant MDD, its effects on adolescents remain under-explored. Methods In this study, a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was...
Abstract Background: Anhedonia, a prominent symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), severely impairs patients' quality of life and is challenging to treat. Although esketamine has shown potential in treating anhedonia in adult treatment-resistant MDD, its effects on adolescents remain under-explored. Methods: In this study, a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was...
Objective: While inflammatory dysregulation is well-documented in major depressive disorder (MDD), its response to esketamine treatment in adolescents remains poorly understood. We aimed to examine the effects of esketamine on the inflammatory cytokines in adolescent MDD. Methods: This randomized, double-blind trial assigned 49 adolescents with MDD to receive three infusions of esketamine or...
Objective: To investigate neurobiological mechanisms through which esketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), focusing on structural changes in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and associated molecular pathways. Method: A total of 49 adolescents (13-18 years of age) with DSM-5 MDD were randomized to receive intravenous...
Despite the clinical benefits of ketamine in treating major depressive disorder (MDD), some patients exhibit drug resistance, and the intricate mechanisms underlying this await comprehensive explication. We used metabolomics to find biomarkers for ketamine efficacy and uncover its mechanisms of action. The study included 40 MDD patients treated with ketamine in the discovery cohort and 24...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. Ketamine has been widely used to treat MDD owing to its rapid effect in relieving depressive symptoms. Importantly, not all patients respond to ketamine treatment. Identifying sub-populations who will benefit from ketamine, as well as those who may not, prior to treatment initiation, would...
Suicide is a major cause of death in adolescents with limited treatment options. Ketamine and its enantiomers have shown rapid anti-suicidal effects in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), but their efficacy in adolescents is unknown. We conducted an active, placebo-controlled trial to determine the safety and efficacy of intravenous esketamine in this population. A total of 54...
Amygdala subregion-based network dysfunction has been determined to be centrally implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Little is known about whether ketamine modulates amygdala subarea-related networks. We aimed to investigate the relationships between changes in the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of amygdala subregions and ketamine treatment and to identify important...
BACKGROUND: Ketamine and its enantiomer have rapid and robust effects on depressive symptom and suicidal ideation. Little is known about their cognitive effects in adolescents. We aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of esketamine on cognition in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal ideation. METHOD: In this randomized-controlled trial, 51 participants aged 13-18...
Background: Patients with anxious major depressive disorder (MDD) are more likely to have poorer outcomes than those with non-anxious MDD. However, the effect of esketamine on adolescents with anxious versus non-anxious MDD has remained unknown. Aims: We compared the efficacy of esketamine in adolescents with MDD and suicidal ideation, both anxious and non-anxious. Methods: Fifty-four...
Background Dysfunction of the amygdala is the core pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it remains unclear whether ketamine treatment could modulate characteristics of amygdala-related networks. We aimed to explore the relationship between changes in the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the amygdala and the treatment of ketamine in MDD patients and to...
OBJECTIVE Hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) alterations, which may happen following ketamine treatment, play a key role in major depression remission. This study aims to investigate the resting-state FC changes of the hippocampus associated with clinical remission after repeated ketamine infusions. METHODS Forty-four major depressive patients received six intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg)...