102 studies whose primary subject is DMT were published in 2025, up from 60 in 2024 and the most of any year since 2002.
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Distinguishing metabolite isomers often relies on comparing relative data, such as relative chromatographic retention times and ion mobility arrival time orders, or relative product ion abundances. These approaches necessitate the need for quality reference data and/or chemical standards. An ideal method for differentiating isomers would leverage one of the absolute physiochemical properties of...
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a fast-acting psychedelic drug that induces a radical reorganization of conscious contents and brain dynamics. However, our understanding of how brain dynamics support psychedelic-induced conscious states remains unclear. We therefore present a repeated-measures dose-dependent study of the subjective and neural dynamics induced through DMT under naturalistic...
The Altered States of Consciousness Scale (3/5D-ASC or 11-ASC) is widely used to assess non-ordinary states of consciousness, particularly for psychedelic research. However, its original dimensional model (3D-ASC within 5D-ASC) and later 11-subscale structure (11-ASC) have a hierarchically incompatible higher/lower-order structure. Although the 11-ASC offers superior model fit, the 3D-ASC...
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic that is being investigated for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Although the neurophysiological effects of DMT in humans are well characterized, similar studies in animal models and data on the neurochemical effects of DMT are generally lacking, which are critical for a mechanistic understanding. Here, we combined behavioral...
Emerging psychedelic therapeutics increasingly rely on mechanistic precision, receptor selectivity, and pharmacokinetic control. Recent inventions introduce simplified iboga analogs with tunable polypharmacology, real-time EEG biomarkers that individualize psilocybin dosing, and standardized harmine-DMT ratios with high bioavailability. Together, these innovations form a coherent framework for...
Reward processing is a broad psychological construct that can be parsed into distinct components known as "reinforcement learning" (learning), "reward responsiveness" (liking), and "motivation to obtain a reward" (wanting). Dysfunctions in reward processing in mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways are a core feature of many pathologies. Psychedelics have been proposed as a treatment option for...
Abstract Background and Aims Psychedelic drugs may help treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study evaluated BPL‐003, a novel intranasal powder formulation of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT) benzoate salt, in people with moderate–severe AUD enrolled in a standard of care, 10‐week programme of relapse‐prevention oriented Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Design Open‐label,...
Abstract Classic serotonergic psychedelics are potent modulators of conscious awareness, yet the principles governing their effects on the temporal dynamics of brain activity remain unclear. Dominant theories propose that psychedelics increase the signal diversity and metastability of neural states, but whether this reflects a simple randomization of activity or a more structured reorganization...
This study presents the extraction and characterisation of bioactive compounds from Mimosa tenuiflora (syn. Mimosa hostilis), known as Tepescohuite, using supercritical CO2. Extractions were performed at 314-328 K and 8-22 MPa for 90 min, with CO2 flow rates of 40-50 mL·min-1. The extracts were analysed by HPLC-MS, NMR, UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The major compound identified was N,...
ChemRxivNovember 26, 2025Anton A. Homon, P. V. Vara Prasad, Elham Pourian et al.
preprint
The recent resurgence in psychedelic research has increased demand for these molecules for clinical studies. Due to the differences between national regulations and considering the dominance of the American market and its continued prohibition of many such molecules, the commercial availability of many of these compounds remains poor. This has also inhibited research into developing scalable...
Psychedelics profoundly alter subjective experience and brain dynamics. Brain oscillations express signatures of near-critical dynamics, relevant for healthy function. Alterations in the proximity to criticality have been suggested to underlie the experiential and neurological effects of psychedelics. Here, we investigate the effects of a psychedelic substance (DMT) on the criticality of brain...
DescriptionThis preprint proposes a new biological classification for N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT): crisis-linked endogenous consciousness modulators (cECMs). Using six mechanistically grounded, falsifiable criteria—endogenous neural biosynthesis, deep evolutionary conservation, ultra-rapid pharmacokinetics, multi-receptor promiscuity, crisis-linked release, and induction of information-rich...
Raw NMR data for the title paper, ready for reprocessing. Also includes processed .mnova files of the spectra pre-processed for those using MNOVA software.
Acute subjective experiences induced by psychedelics have been identified as important mediators of therapeutic outcomes in many studies. Mystical experiences specifically, have been correlated with a range of therapeutic outcomes including reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety and addiction. This paper assesses acute subjective experiences induced by an encapsulated DMT-harmala...
There is growing interest in the therapeutic utility of psychedelic compounds that act as serotonin-2 A receptor (5-HT2A) agonists. N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a 5-HT2A agonist that produces intense and short-lived psychedelic subjective effects, but the compound requires non-oral routes of administration that bypass gastrointestinal metabolism. Intranasal (IN) delivery of DMT represents...
Archives of ToxicologyNovember 12, 2025Gilles Salles, Carolina Aparecida de Faria Almeida, Isabella de Carvalho Alves et al.
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew traditionally used in religious rituals by indigenous Amazonian populations and South American syncretic religions such as Santo Daime and União do Vegetal. Its psychoactive effects are primarily due to N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), while harmine (HRE), a β-carboline alkaloid, inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), enabling DMT's oral bioavailability. Recent studies...
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a naturally occurring psychedelic tryptamine. Plants containing 5-MeO-DMT have been used throughout history, and in recent years both synthetic and toad-derived 5-MeO-DMT use is being increasingly reported in naturalistic settings as well as clinical research. However, its subjective effects are not well characterised, and no qualitative research...
Ayahuasca is a traditional Amazonian brew composed of Psychotria viridis, containing N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and Banisteriopsis caapi, which includes harmala alkaloids such as harmine. Ayahuasca can produce potent psychoactive effects primarily due to DMT, whose metabolism is inhibited by harmine via monoamine oxidase-A enzymes. This inhibition increases DMT's systemic bioavailability,...
Ofatumumab, a fully humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is the only highly effective disease modifying therapy (DMT) approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) in China up to data. Real-world data are necessary to investigate the factors for switching from oral DMTs and to assess the effectiveness and safety of ofatumumab in the Chinese MS population. We conducted a...
This essay presents an overview and analysis of Sam Woolfe's Altered Perspectives: Critical Essays on Psychedelic Consciousness. My critical remarks focus on the naturalistic "explaining away" of stranger psychedelic experiences, such as entity encounters. I conclude that Altered Perspectives is a must-have for anyone interested in the philosophy of altered states of consciousness.