Psychological Medicine
May 27, 2019
Oyedeji Ayonrinde
11 citations
BACKGROUND: In nineteenth-century British India, concern regarding large numbers of asylum patients with 'Indian Hemp Insanity' led to establishment of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission. The exotic cannabis plant was widely used in pharmacopeia and a source of government revenue. The Commission was tasked with determining the public health risks of cannabis use, particularly mental illness. This...
ACS Chemical Neuroscience
May 15, 2019
Samuel D Banister, Jonathon C Arnold, Mark Connor et al.
Cannabis ( Cannabis sativa) is the most widely used illicit drug in the world, with an estimated 192 million users globally. The main psychoactive component of cannabis is (-)- trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), a compound with a diverse range of pharmacological actions. The unique and distinctive intoxication caused by Δ9-THC primarily reflects partial agonist action at central...
Molecular Neurobiology
May 2019
Maria E Secci, Paola Mascia, Claudia Sagheddu et al.
The reinforcing effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in rats and monkeys, and the reinforcement-related dopamine-releasing effects of THC in rats, can be attenuated by increasing endogenous levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA) through systemic administration of the kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibitor, Ro 61-8048. KYNA is a negative allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors...
The Lancet Psychiatry
May 1, 2019
Marta Di Forti, Diego Quattrone, Tom P. Freeman et al.
Summary Background Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of later psychotic disorder but whether it affects incidence of the disorder remains unclear. We aimed to identify patterns of cannabis use with the strongest effect on odds of psychotic disorder across Europe and explore whether differences in such patterns contribute to variations in the incidence rates of psychotic disorder....
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
May 1, 2019
Shera Hosseini, Mark Oremus
Objectives: This study was conducted to review the current state of evidence on the association between age of initiation of cannabis use and symptoms of psychosis, depression, or anxiety among youth under 25 years of age. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles published prior to March 2018 by searching OVID MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and the references of included studies. We...
The Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update
May 1, 2019
Daily use of marijuana (cannabis) is associated with a greater than three times increased risk of psychotic disorder compared to never users, according to a study published in the March 19 issue of Lancet Psychiatry. This risk increased to nearly five times if high‐potency cannabis was used. Across the 11 sites included in the study, if high‐potency cannabis were not available, 12.2% of cases...
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
May 2019
Benjamin M Ford, Christian V Cabanlong, Sherrica Tai et al.
Most cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) agonists will signal through both G protein-dependent and -independent pathways in an unbiased manner. Recruitment of β-arrestin 2 desensitizes and internalizes receptors, producing tolerance that limits therapeutic utility of cannabinoids for chronic conditions. We developed the indole quinuclidinone (IQD) analog...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
May 1, 2019
Allyson K Andrade, Briana Renda, Jennifer E Murray
The use of cannabis is rapidly gaining legal status across North America. Such dramatic legislative shifts have prompted an urgency in elucidating the stimulus effects of cannabis consumption. Cannabis use, though relatively safe compared to other drugs of abuse, has been associated with greater risk of mental health disorders, possibly via its primary psychoactive constituent,...
Psychopharmacology
May 1, 2019
Thomas R. Arkell, Nicholas Lintzeris, Richard C. Kevin et al.
177 citations
BACKGROUND: The main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can impair driving performance. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabis component, is thought to mitigate certain adverse effects of THC. It is possible then that cannabis containing equivalent CBD and THC will differentially affect driving and cognition relative to THC-dominant cannabis. AIMS:...
Addiction Biology
May 1, 2019
Shaul Schreiber, Miaad Bader, Tatiana Lenchinski et al.
30 citations
Synthetic cannabinoids are psychoactive substances designed to mimic the euphorigenic effects of the natural cannabis. Novel unregulated compounds appear once older compounds become illegal. It has been previously reported that synthetic cannabinoids are different than Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC) as they have chemical structures unrelated to Δ9 -THC, different metabolism and, often,...
Journal of Psychopharmacology
April 23, 2019
Matthew B. Wall, Rebecca Pope, Tom P. Freeman et al.
89 citations
BACKGROUND: -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is the main psychoactive component; CBD may buffer the user against the harmful effects of THC. AIMS: We examined the effects of two strains of cannabis and placebo on the human brain's resting-state networks using fMRI. METHODS: Seventeen healthy volunteers (experienced with cannabis, but not regular users) underwent three drug...
Psychopharmacology
April 9, 2019
Vincent T Mensen, Annabel Vreeker, Johan Nordgren et al.
Background: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a class of new psychoactive substances that have been rapidly evolving around the world throughout recent years. Many different synthetic cannabinoid analogues are on the consumer market and sold under misleading names, like "spice" or "incense." A limited number of studies have reported serious health effects associated with SC use. In this study,...
Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly
April 8, 2019
Alison Knopf
Daily use of marijuana (cannabis) is associated with a greater than three times increased risk of psychotic disorder compared to never users, according to a study published in Lancet Psychiatry. This risk increased to nearly five times if high‐potency cannabis was used. Across the 11 sites included in the study, if high‐potency cannabis were not available, 12.2 percent of cases of first‐episode...
Molecular Psychiatry
April 2019
Michael L Miller, Benjamin J. Chadwick, Dara L Dickstein et al.
Neuronal circuits within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediate higher cognitive functions and emotional regulation that are disrupted in psychiatric disorders. The PFC undergoes significant maturation during adolescence, a period when cannabis use in humans has been linked to subsequent vulnerability to psychiatric disorders such as addiction and schizophrenia. Here, we investigated in a rat...
Revista médica de Chile
April 1, 2019
Manuel E. Cortés, Yanara A Bernal, Renán Orellana
4 citations
Señor Editor:La legalización del uso medicinal y recreativo de la marihuana (Cannabis sativa) es un tema de controversia mundial.Un artículo en Nature Reviews Neuroscience 1 destaca que el uso de Cannabis es cada vez más importante para la medicina moderna, especialmente en el tratamiento del dolor y de trastornos motores.Sin embargo, su uso más extendido es «recreacional» debido a las...
Adicciones
April 1, 2019
Leticia García-Álvarez, Jesús J. Gomar, María Paz García‐portilla et al.
16 citations
Editorial of vol. 31, n. 2.
The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter
April 1, 2019
Alison Knopf
Lasting effects of adolescent cannabis use are even more pronounced than those for alcohol, researchers suggest in a new study of the role of impaired cognition on substance use.
MOJ Addiction Medicine & Therapy
March 21, 2019
N. Vallejo
Cannabis Sativa is the most consumed drug in the world next to alcohol. This article describes its effects, especially that of D9-THC. The perception of the risk of smoking Cannabis has followed a downward curve in the last 15years Granting it to connotation of "recreational" and ignoring or ignoring its risks for psychophysical health. In some countries of the Northern Hemisphere it is usually...
European Addiction Research
March 21, 2019
I. Menéndez-Miranda, Leticia García-Álvarez, M. García-Portilla et al.
Background: Data on associations between cannabis use and psychopathology, cognition and functional impairment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is controversial. Objectives: To examine the effect of cannabis on psychopathology, cognition and real-world functioning in SSD patients. Method: Naturalistic cross-sectional study, 123 clinically stable SSD outpatients. Assessment: demographic...
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
March 16, 2019
Diego Quattrone, Laura Ferraro, Giada Tripoli et al.
3 citations
preprint
Abstract Objective The evidence is mixed on whether cannabis use is associated with a particular symptomatology in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients. The authors set out to investigate a) patterns of association between cannabis use and transdiagnostic symptom dimensions; b) whether the extent of use of cannabis contributes to the variation in clinical and subclinical symptom profiles....