Neuropsychopharmacology
October 2008
Elena H Chartoff, David Potter, Diane Damez-Werno et al.
Stress and chronic exposure to drugs of abuse can trigger addictive and depressive disorders. Both stimuli increase activity of dynorphin, a neuropeptide that acts at kappa-opioid receptors (KORs). In humans, KOR agonists cause dysphoria, raising the possibility that dynorphin modulates the depressive-like effects of stress and chronic drug use. We examined if KOR activation alters sensitivity...
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
October 1, 2008
Jaap Lancee, Victor I. Spoormaker, Barry Krakow et al.
The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on nightmare frequency and to determine which kind of CBT is the most effective treatment. A systematic literature search was carried out in PsychInfo and PubMed articles published on or before May 1, 2008. The inclusion criteria were: nightmare treatment study, use of nonpharmacological treatment, not...
Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry
October 1, 2008
Benjamin St John Sessa
AbstractAfter a hiatus of nearly 40 years, psychedelic drugs (or hallucinogens) are being increasingly researched as possible adjuncts to psychotherapy for treatment‐resistant anxiety disorders and addictions.This research offers an exciting future for this class of drugs whose image has been tarnished by recreational use since the 1960s.Through cautious and evidence‐based studies, these...
Journal of Neurochemistry
September 24, 2008
Noelia Granado, Esther O’shea, Jordi Bové et al.
112 citations
Abstract Acute administration of repeated doses of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) dramatically reduces striatal dopamine (DA) content, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and DA transporter‐immunoreactivity in mice. In this study, we show for the first time the spatiotemporal pattern of dopaminergic damage and related molecular events produced by MDMA administration in mice. Our...
September 8, 2008
Shimon Edelman
Abstract In Contrast to the kind of REFLEXIVE SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS afforded to humans by looking into the mirror of language, there exists in all of us a more primeval awareness. To the extent that they maintain a model of the world that surrounds them, and themselves as being part of it, all sentient beings share this latter capacity. In the present chapter, I lay out a computational explanation...
American Journal on Addictions
September 3, 2008
Li-Tzy Wu, Christopher L. Ringwalt, Paolo Mannelli et al.
30 citations
We investigated the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of past‐year DSM‐IV hallucinogen use disorders (HUDs) among past‐year users of MDMA and other hallucinogens from a sample of Americans 18 or older (n = 37,227). Users were categorized as MDMA users and other hallucinogen users. Overall, one in five (20%) MDMA users and about one in six (16%) other hallucinogen users reported at least one...
Consciousness and Cognition
September 2008
C Nathan DeWall, Roy F. Baumeister, E J Masicampo
Humans, unlike other animals, are equipped with a powerful brain that permits conscious awareness and reflection. A growing trend in psychological science has questioned the benefits of consciousness, however. Testing a hypothesis advanced by [Lieberman, M. D., Gaunt, R., Gilbert, D. T., & Trope, Y. (2002). Reflection and reflexion: A social cognitive neuroscience approach to attributional...
Psychological Bulletin
September 2008
Timo Giesbrecht, Steven Jay Lynn, Scott O Lilienfeld et al.
Dissociation is typically defined as the lack of normal integration of thoughts, feelings, and experiences into consciousness and memory. The present article critically evaluates the research literature on cognitive processes in dissociation. The authors' review indicates that dissociation is characterized by subtle deficits in neuropsychological performance (e.g., heightened distractibility)....
Addiction Biology
September 2008
Jenny L Wiley, Rhys L Evans, Darren B Grainger et al.
Lifelong substance abuse is often initiated during adolescence; yet, most pre-clinical research in this area has been conducted in adult animals. Substantial evidence exists that the brain development that continues throughout adolescence may result in pharmacological responses that differ in a crucial manner from those of adults. The goal of this study was to evaluate age differences in motor...
Glia
September 2008
Giorgia Fattorini, Marcello Melone, Luca Bragina et al.
Using western blottings, microdialysis, and functional assays we tested the hypothesis that phencyclidine (PCP) modifies the expression and function of glutamate (Glu) transporters in the rat frontal cortex. Western blotting studies revealed that administration of PCP (10 mg/kg/day; 7 days) increased significantly the expression of the astrocytic Glu transporter GLT-1/EAAT2. Functional studies...