Dextromethorphan (DM) is an FDA-approved treatment for major depressive disorder when combined with bupropion. DM functions as an inhibitor for 5-HT membrane transporters and antagonist for sigma-1 receptors (S1Rs) and NMDA receptors, which are pharmacological actions potentially therapeutically relevant for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study examined DM and compounds...
Psilocybin has emerged as a transformative, rapid-acting, and long-lasting therapeutic for treatment-resistant depression, with its efficacy rooted in the induction of sustained structural and functional remodeling of mood-regulating neural circuits 1 , 2 . However, the field faces a fundamental mechanistic paradox that defies linear signaling models: psilocin, the bioactive metabolite of...
Serotonergic psychedelics are increasingly investigated as treatments for affective disorders. Concerns persist regarding their potential to induce hypomania or mania, particularly in individuals with bipolar spectrum vulnerability. Whether these substances precipitate transient mood switches or contribute to persistent bipolar illness or diagnostic transition remains unclear. We conducted a...
Frontiers in PsychologyMay 28, 2026Lidia Venero-Hidalgo, Francisca Carvajal, Fernando Rodrı́guez de Fonseca et al.
Introduction: Cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood has been associated with neurocognitive alterations. However, limited attention has been paid to whether these findings vary according to developmental stage and regional context. This systematic review examined the neurocognitive effects of cannabis use in adolescents and young adults, with particular attention to age-related...
This chapter presents a biblical doctrine of angels, Satan, and demons under the authority of Scripture alone. It argues that angels are real created spiritual beings made by God to worship Him, obey His commands, serve His purposes, and minister to those who inherit salvation. They are powerful, wise, and active in the biblical story, yet they are not divine, not mediators of salvation, and...
Understanding affective valence is essential to the fostering of well-being since positive and negative experiences shape our quality of life. One promising approach is to use computational frameworks of perception and action, which seek to formalise the mechanisms underlying valenced experience. Within one such framework, active inference, valence is canonically treated as a consequence of...
Science AdvancesMay 27, 2026Matthew B. Phillips, Nadya V. Povysheva, Elizabeth G. Neureiter et al.
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) are key mediators of calcium ion (Ca2+) influx required for proper neuronal function. Excessive NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ influx is neurotoxic and associated with neurological disease. Memantine and ketamine, two NMDAR antagonists with overlapping binding sites in the NMDAR channel, are of high clinical interest. Whereas memantine is a well-tolerated...
What neural events precede conscious reports? Hemisphere-asymmetric attentional networks are causally related to conscious perception (Kaufmann et al., 2024; Bartolomeo et al., 2025), but their spectrotemporal dynamics remain unclear. Here, we used magnetoencephalography to examine brain oscillations occurring in human participants (male and female) before a near-threshold target during the...
Background Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies attempting to characterise the neural signature of meditation typically rely on contrasts with passive rest or comparisons among practitioners based on experience. However, these approaches rarely include active control states and seldom establish the reliability and robustness of identified quantitative EEG features. Consequently, the validity...
Abstract Ketamine and esketamine are increasingly used as rapid-acting antidepressants, yet concerns remain regarding potential structural neurotoxicity, particularly with chronic or high-dose exposure. Despite expanding clinical use, no comprehensive systematic review has integrated neurotoxicity evidence across preclinical and human studies while formally evaluating methodological quality....