Objectives: To utilize a retrospective observational design to characterize adolescents aged 13 - 17 presenting to emergency rooms (ER) in the United States (US) from 2016 to 2024 with psychosis and/or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure via urine drug screens (UDS) and to evaluate trends in THC exposure, psychiatric comorbidities, and demographics. Material and Methods: De-identified,...
Everyone lives within a Perception Box (PB). What we see and hear—how we interpret it and what it means to us—depends on our brain and learning history. Recognizing that perception is subjective, and understanding why, are key steps to open our minds, counteract bias, and reduce suffering. This project seeks to establish a rigorous theoretical and empirical foundation for the science of the PB....
How should we understand human agency and moral responsibility in a world governed by natural laws? This paper develops a compatibilist account grounded in cognitive constructivism, proposing that agency is best conceived as a model-control architecture. On this view, an agent is a self-constructing, self-controlling system defined by its capacity to generate, select, inhibit, and revise...
Implementation variability is hypothesized to be a key treatment effect modifier of universal, school-based mental health interventions, but the evidence base remains meagre. We used Complier Average Causal Effect (CACE) estimation to determine if dosage variability modified treatment effects of relaxation techniques and mindfulness-based exercises in the INSPIRE cluster randomised trial....
Background. Combining mindfulness training with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is feasible and generally well tolerated, but the existing literature has produced feasibility findings rather than mechanistic ones. No trial has contrasted a stimulation montage matched to the network a contemplative practice preferentially engages against a montage matched to a different practice's...
Consciousness research often moves from neural measurements to claims about conscious states without clearly separating the biological system, the observation procedure, empirical state-space structure, operational coordination, and theoretical realization conditions. This paper develops a factorized framework that distinguishes these levels and asks which distinctions are empirically...
Abstract Oregon (OR) and Colorado (CO) were the first states to enact regulations for provision of psilocybin with support of licensed ‘facilitators.’ As more states and countries adopt similar policies, informed public policy decisions require that client characteristics and rationale for using psilocybin, psilocybin dosing practices, mental health outcomes, and adverse events are understood....
Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent, debilitating psychiatric condition. Existing treatments are ineffective for many patients. 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy has demonstrated substantial clinical efficacy but relies on prolonged, resource-intensive therapeutic protocols that limit scalability and accessibility. Here, we...
Background/Objectives: Psilocybin-assisted therapy has progressed from early proof-of-concept work to a substantially expanded evidence base, with four pivotal studies published in 2025–2026 that were not incorporated into earlier reviews. This review synthesizes the pharmacological and neurobiological foundations of psilocybin and appraises clinical evidence across major depressive disorder...