A systematic review of 16 clinical trials from 2013 to 2023 found that psychedelic-assisted therapy, particularly with psilocybin and ayahuasca, can reduce alcohol and tobacco dependence, with psilocybin decreasing cravings and promoting long-term abstinence. Improvements in substance use reduction were significant when psychedelics were combined with psychotherapy. However, variability in dosages and study design calls for more standardized approaches. Regulatory barriers and specialized clinical training are needed to safely integrate these therapies into mainstream addiction treatment. Psychedelics offer a promising alternative for those unresponsive to conventional methods.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies involving over 24,000 participants found that Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) produce moderate improvements in psychological outcomes, with a pooled effect size of Hedges' g = −0.45. Effects were slightly stronger for anxiety (g = −0.56) than for depression (g = −0.45). Programs lasting 8 to 12 weeks showed moderate to strong symptom reduction. MBIs that integrated gratitude components demonstrated modestly enhanced emotional benefits, suggesting a synergistic role. The review found low evidence of publication bias and acceptable risk of bias, supporting MBIs as scalable, cost-effective interventions in clinical and educational settings.