Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
June 1, 2026
Verena Schöning, Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger, Daniel Pasin et al.
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a heterogeneous group of recreational drugs that mimic the actions and psychoactive effects of existing pharmaceutical products or recreational drugs. As NPS can be highly potent, even exceeding their template compound's potency, there are frequent reports of non-fatal and fatal intoxications. One principal target for hallucinogenic and psychedelic drugs,...
Drug Testing and Analysis
March 9, 2024
Marianne Skov-Skov Bergh, Inger Lise Bogen, Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger et al.
2 citations
N-Ethyl-N-propyltryptamine (EPT), 4-hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine (4-OH-EPT), and 5-methoxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine (5-MeO-EPT) are new psychoactive substances classified as tryptamines, sold online. Many tryptamines metabolize rapidly, and identifying the appropriate metabolites to reveal intake is essential. While the metabolism of 4-OH-EPT and 5-MeO-EPT are not previously described,...
Drug Testing and Analysis
November 21, 2018
Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger, Andreas Wilke, Stefan König et al.
15 citations
Abstract Tryptamines can occur naturally in plants, mushrooms, microbes, and amphibians. Synthetic tryptamines are sold as new psychoactive substances (NPS) because of their hallucinogenic effects. When it comes to NPS, metabolism studies are of crucial importance, due to the lack of pharmacological and toxicological data. Different approaches can be taken to study in vitro and in vivo...
Forensic Science International
July 4, 2018
Pia Simona Bruni, Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger, Susanne Nussbaumer et al.
13 citations
4-Hydroxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine (4-HO-MET) is a new psychoactive substance (NPS) of the chemical class of tryptamines. It shows structural similarities to the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin, and is a serotonergic hallucinogen, affecting emotional, motoric, and cognitive functions. The knowledge about its biotransformation is mandatory to confirm the abuse of the substance by urine...
Drug Testing and Analysis
July 3, 2018
Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger, Katja Stahl, Andreas Wilke et al.
13 citations
) receptors and show hallucinogenic effects. The present study investigated the metabolism of 25D-NBOMe, 25E-NBOMe, and 25N-NBOMe using the microsomal model of pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) and the microbial model of the fungi Cunninghamella elegans (C. elegans). Identification of metabolites was performed using liquid chromatography-high resolution-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS/MS)...
Drug Testing and Analysis
July 5, 2017
Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger, Marianne Hädener, Stefan König et al.
31 citations
Abstract The synthetic tryptamine 5‐methoxy‐ N ‐methyl‐ N ‐isopropyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐MiPT) has recently been abused as a hallucinogenic drug in Germany and Switzerland. This study presents a case of 5‐MeO‐MiPT intoxication and the structural elucidation of metabolites in pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM), blood, and urine. Microsomal incubation experiments were performed using pHLM to...