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bioRxiv

81 papers in the library · 23 citations · publishing 2018-2026

Papers

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Temporal and Spectral Neural Complexity Reveal Graded Auditory Awareness

bioRxiv April 21, 2026 A. Liardi, Daniel Bor, Fernando E. Rosas et al. preprint

Recent advances have shown that the complexity of neural signals tracks global states of consciousness, such as wakefulness versus sleep. However, it is still unclear to what extent neural complexity reflects fine-grained changes in conscious content within the same global state. Here, we investigate how the complexity of brain signals is affected by increased perceptual clarity of a stimulus....

Psilocybin acutely reduces low-frequency BOLD power and frequency-specific connectivity

bioRxiv April 13, 2026 Anders S. Olsen, Kristian Larsen, Drummond E. Mcculloch et al.

Abstract Psilocybin and other serotonergic drugs acutely alter human brain function and large-scale connectivity as measured with BOLD fMRI, but whether these effects are frequency-specific remains unknown. We applied multitaper spectral and cross-spectral analyses to resting-state fMRI data from 28 healthy volunteers scanned multiple times acutely following oral psilocybin administration (0.2...

Foundations of human self-reflection: Error-monitoring developmentally predicts the emergence of self-representation

bioRxiv March 27, 2026 Cécile Gal, Dimitrios Askitis, Katarina Begus preprint

Self-reflection is central to human cognition and is arguably a defining feature of human consciousness. Yet, the mechanisms enabling our mind to reflect upon itself and to construct a conceptual sense of self remain poorly understood. This study brings empirical traction to the puzzle of self-reflection by studying human infants, across the period when a conceptual self is believed to emerge,...

Facilitating Mindfulness Training with Ultrasonic Neuromodulation

bioRxiv March 13, 2026 Brian Lord, Erica N. Lord, Jessica N. Schachtner et al. preprint

Systematic focus training is increasingly recognized for its therapeutic benefits, with equanimity, the ability to maintain an open and accepting attitude towards all experience, identified as a critical mechanism for improving well-being. Physiologically, experienced meditators demonstrate reduced activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of the default mode network (DMN), and...

Neurophysiological Effects of Sudarshan Kriya Revealed by Subject-Independent EEG Machine Learning

bioRxiv March 11, 2026 Abhishek Pillai, Oleksandr Bezrukavyi, Shaija Nalinakshan preprint

Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a structured breathing-based meditation associated with improvements in stress regulation and mental health, yet its acute neurophysiological effects remain incompletely characterized using multivariate, subject-independent approaches. In this study, we investigated short-term pre–post neural modulation induced by a single long SKY session using...

When awareness outstrips performance: critical tests of subjective inflation under inattention

bioRxiv January 24, 2026 Karen J. Tian, Brian Maniscalco, Michael L. Epstein et al. preprint

Visual experience can sometimes depart from visual performance, providing a powerful lens into the mechanisms generating conscious perception. In one proposed dissociation—subjective inflation—unattended locations in the periphery appear stronger than attended ones despite equated performance. Subjective inflation has played a central role in motivating theories of consciousness that reject the...

A Mesoscale Framework for Psychedelic Drug Action in the Human Brain

bioRxiv November 26, 2025 Rui Dai, Rodrigo Cofré, Christopher Timmermann et al. preprint

The mechanism of psychedelic drug action is a dynamic area of neuroscience, with two major lines of investigation: (1) laboratory studies at the molecular and cellular level, and (2) human neuroimaging studies of functional brain networks. Despite considerable progress, there remains insufficient understanding of the link between molecular/cellular substrates of psychedelics and the whole-brain...

Effects of Short-Term Breathwork on Respiration and Cognition

bioRxiv November 17, 2025 Lena Hehemann, Lisa Stetza, Christoph Kayser preprint

Respiration is a unique physiological process that can operate automatically but can also be deliberately used to modulate the bodily state. Importantly, respiration is deeply intertwined with neural processes, influencing processes from arousal and attention to executive control. Although structured respiration (breathing practice) has been exploited for centuries, the immediate consequences...

Metric Selection Effects in Consciousness Measurement: Lessons from Sleep EEG Analysis

bioRxiv November 11, 2025 preprint

Abstract Background Integrated Information Theory (IIT) predicts gradual consciousness changes, while Global Workspace Theory (GWT) emphasizes discrete threshold events. We tested whether sleep stage transitions exhibit these distinct patterns using quantitative EEG analysis. Methods We analyzed 622 sleep stage transitions from 12 healthy adults (Wake→N1, N1→N2, N2→N3, REM→Wake) using the...

Whole-Brain Models of Advanced Concentrative Absorption Meditation: Approaching Critical Dynamics through Jhāna

bioRxiv September 25, 2025 Jakub Vohryzek, Edmundo Lopez-Sola, Winson F.z. Yang et al. preprint

Advanced meditation offers a powerful lens for investigating consciousness and for understanding how sustained training may contribute to human flourishing. In the spirit of neurophenomenology, we combine first-person reports with model-free empirical analyses and formal whole-brain modeling to investigate the mechanisms underlying advanced meditative states and minimal phenomenal experience...

Characterization of the hemodynamic response function in default mode network subregions for task-evoked negative BOLD responses

bioRxiv September 19, 2025 Hengda He, B. G. Yazdi, Amir Sedaghat et al. preprint

While the hemodynamic response function (HRF) of the positive blood oxygenated level dependent (BOLD) signal is well characterized in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) field, studies investigating the shape and properties of the negative BOLD HRF, often observed in the default mode network (DMN) regions, are rare. In this study, we first investigated the linearity of the...

Default mode network connectivity predicts individual differences in long-term forgetting: Evidence for storage degradation, not retrieval failure

bioRxiv August 24, 2025 Yinan Xu, C. Prat, Florian Sense et al. preprint

Despite the importance of memories in everyday life and the progress made in understanding how they are encoded and retrieved, the neural processes by which declarative memories are maintained or forgotten remain elusive. Part of the problem is that it is empirically difficult to measure the rate at which memories fade, even between repeated presentations of the source of the memory. Without...

The Analgesic and Dissociative Properties of Ketamine are Separate and Correspond to Distinct Neural Mechanisms

bioRxiv July 31, 2025 N. Goldway, T. Hendler, I. Jalon et al. preprint

Ketamine, a psychoactive medication, exerts both analgesic and dissociative effects. However, whether its analgesic effect stems from its dissociative properties is a topic of debate. Our study aimed to determine whether ketamine’s analgesic and dissociative effects are supported by distinct neural mechanisms. In a within-subject, placebo-controlled study, 37 healthy volunteers were...

The effect of psychedelics on associative learning: a systematic review

bioRxiv July 22, 2025 Alice Caulfield, Lorraine Li, Famia Askari et al. preprint

Introduction: Psychedelics are emerging as potential treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions, with evidence suggesting a single administration can lead to enduring behavioural changes. While the underlying putative mechanism(s) remain unclear, there is evidence supporting altered learning as a key candidate. Aim: This systematic review examined studies assessing the effects of psychedelics...

Neuroplasticity of directed connectivity in long-term meditation: Evidence from EEG Granger causality

bioRxiv July 7, 2025 Vasil Kolev, Kosio Beshkov, Peter Malinowski et al. 1 citation preprint

The objective of the present study was to characterize the effects of long-term meditation (LTM) on directed connectivity patterns during resting-state and meditative brain states. Specifically, it was aimed to identify major cortical sources of information flow and target regions of information influx, and to reveal which frequency-specific oscillatory networks are critically involved in...

Speech markers of psychedelic-induced psychological change

bioRxiv April 21, 2025 Joanna Kuć, Rosalind McAlpine, Amelia Sellers et al. preprint

Abstract 5-MeO-DMT, a potent, short-acting psychedelic, induces profound shifts in cognition, affect, and self-awareness. Because language explicitly expresses these domains and voice implicitly conveys them, both may serve as potential ‘biomarkers’ of behavioural change. This study introduces a novel framework for analysing baseline language and vocal features, pre- to post-psychedelic...

A data-driven approach to identifying and evaluating connectivity-based neural correlates of consciousness

bioRxiv April 7, 2025 preprint

Identifying the neural correlates of consciousness remains a major challenge in neuroscience, requiring theories that bridge between subjective experience and measurable neural correlates. However, theoretical interpretation of empirical evidence is often post hoc and susceptible to confirmation bias. Building upon the adversarial collaboration mediated by the COGITATE Consortium, we present a...

LSD reconfigures the frequency-specific network landscape of the human brain

bioRxiv March 24, 2025 Kenneth Shinozuka, Mattia Rosso, Clayton R. Coleman et al. 3 citations preprint

Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other psychedelic substances profoundly alter human consciousness. While several studies have demonstrated changes in brain function and connectivity associated with psychedelics, we still have a limited understanding of how LSD reshapes brain networks operating across different frequency bands. In this study, we applied the recently developed...