Ketamine and its structural analog, 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine, both potent stimulants, can induce euphoria but also cause neurotoxicity, cognitive decline, and neurodevelopmental deficits in the fetus. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these neurodevelopmental abnormalities are not yet fully elucidated, particularly concerning effects that are specific to certain cell types....
ABSTRACT Ketamine, an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, elicits rapid‐acting and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment‐resistant depressed patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota via the gut‐brain axis play a role in the pathogenesis of depression, thereby contributing to the antidepressant actions of certain compounds. Here we investigated the...