An integrated revision of Information-Theoretic Theory (ITT) presents consciousness as the primary breakthrough. It removes the Φ borrowed from Integrated Information Theory and the 'consciousness constant' G, and drops cosmology parts dependent on external physical laws. Testable predictions derived from three basic postulates are retained, directly computable from time-series data. Core contents include a testable hypothesis for consciousness emergence (Λ > Λ_noise), an operational definition for degree of consciousness (Ψ(s) = Θ(s)), and a derived self-force direction rule. A complete experimental test guide based on public EEG/fMRI data is provided, with clear measurement methods and falsification conditions.
Horkheimer's 1930s philosophy sought to overcome the 'logical necessity' that constrained specialized sciences and traditional theory of knowledge. Tracing this necessity to Kant's concept of the understanding, Horkheimer rejected the 'philosophy of consciousness' that accepts this necessity and creates a second reality, opposing materialism as an alternative. Dialectic 'Representation'—the methodology of a materialist theory of knowledge—is grounded in Marx's inversion of Hegelian dialectics and operates according to a logic opposed to traditional logical inference, serving an emancipatory interest to disclose contradictions inherent in social reality.
Perioperative use of (es)ketamine significantly reduces the risk of postoperative delirium (POD) but does not prevent postoperative neurocognitive disorder (POND). Subgroup analyses indicate that esketamine is more effective for delirium prevention, whereas racemic ketamine provides better cognitive protection.