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Daniel J. Kruger

29 papers in the library · 167 citations · publishing 2023-2026

Papers

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Patterns of Psychedelic Use in Italy: Insights from the Global Psychedelic Survey

Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology and Addiction September 1, 2026 Beatrice Dal Bianco, Matteo Buonarroti, Alessandro Lo Jacono et al.

Background: Epidemiological data on psychedelic use in Italy is limited. In this study, Italian responders in the Global Psychedelic Survey 2025 were subanalyzed to describe patterns of use, motivations, subjective experiences, and health correlates. Methods: Adults (≥21 years) with lifetime psychedelic exposure, residing in or born in Italy or San Marino, were surveyed in a web-based,...

Perceptions of Psychedelic Decriminalization: Findings from a Community Survey of People Who Use Psychedelics

Social Sciences August 23, 2026 Daniel J. Kruger, Julie Barron, Larry Norris

Psychedelic decriminalization has moved from the margins of drug-policy discourse to a mainstream public health and equity conversation. This community survey reveals that people with psychedelic experience who live in areas that have decriminalized psychedelics report greater benefits of psychedelic decriminalization than adverse outcomes. In decriminalized zones, most (84.0%) participants (N...

Priorities for psychedelic research among people who use psychedelics.

Journal of Psychiatric Research June 2, 2026 Daniel J. Kruger, Audrey Czerew, Leigh Farquhar et al.

Most academic psychedelic research is clinically oriented, with industry research primarily focusing on the medicalization of these substances. Given the rapid policy changes and the surge in interest among researchers and the public, it is imperative to assess and document the research priorities of the broader psychedelic community. This study aimed to identify these priorities through an...

Major life changes following psychedelic use: A retrospective survey among people using psychedelics naturalistically

Scientific Reports April 15, 2026 Jacob S. Aday, Nicolas G. Glynos, Anne Baker et al.

Psychedelic drugs show promise in facilitating a variety of long-term psychological changes, but they may also lead to unexpected major life changes that have not been captured by measures typically used in clinical trials. The Psychedelic-related Major Life Changes Questionnaire ( P-MLCQ ) was created to assess psychedelic-related major life changes across 10 different domains and evaluated in...

Extended difficulties after psychedelic experiences: Prevalence and associations in a global, multilingual sample.

Research Square April 8, 2026 Oliver Robinson, David Luke, Jules Evans et al. 1 citation

As psychedelic use increases and integrates with mainstream medicine, understanding the prevalence and nature of postpsychedelic adverse outcomes is critical. We investigated extended difficulties after psychedelic use via the Global Psychedelic Survey (GPS) 2025, which is a multilingual online survey of people who have used psychedelics. Data on the prevalence, characteristics, and...

Best practices for first psychedelic experiences: harm reduction advice from the psychedelic community.

Harm Reduct J November 25, 2025 Daniel J. Kruger, Gina Mersereau, Ashley Sullivan et al. 1 citation

BACKGROUND: The use of psychedelics is currently increasing in the United States. Awareness of clinical trials investigating the therapeutic applications of psychedelics may result in a record number of people who use psychedelics for the first-time. This study aimed to develop a harm-reduction resource to facilitate safe and successful psychedelic experiences outside of regulated clinical and...

Pictorial representation of illness and self measure (PRISM): A putative transdiagnostic tool for evaluating therapeutic effects of psychedelic treatments.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) May 1, 2025 Niloufar Pouyan, Jacob S. Aday, Steven E. Harte et al. 1 citation

Patients with refractory conditions often identify themselves with their illness, which affects multiple aspects of their lives. The pictorial representation of illness and self measure (PRISM) is a tool used to assess the enmeshment of individuals' perception of self with a particular medical condition, broadly termed self-condition enmeshment. This study aimed to evaluate changes in PRISM...

Pictorial representation of illness and self measure (PRISM): A putative transdiagnostic tool for evaluating therapeutic effects of psychedelic treatments

Universität Zürich, ZORA May 1, 2025 Niloufar Pouyan, Jacob S. Aday, Steven E. Harte et al.

Background: Patients with refractory conditions often identify themselves with their illness, which affects multiple aspects of their lives. The pictorial representation of illness and self measure (PRISM) is a tool used to assess the enmeshment of individuals' perception of self with a particular medical condition, broadly termed self-condition enmeshment. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate...

Racial Differences in Naturalistic Psychedelic Use - Motivations for Use, Communication with Health Care Providers, and Outcomes.

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs April 22, 2025 Nicolas G. Glynos, Mallet R Reid, Jacob S. Aday et al. 4 citations

People of Color have been under-included in psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) research. Researchers have argued that systemic issues resulting in harms to communities of color like the War on Drugs and recurrent exposure to discrimination in healthcare settings may reduce their willingness to engage in PAT research. However, there are no empirical data regarding People of Color's trust or...

Perceived Impact of Psychedelics on Sexual, Gender, and Intimate Relationship Dynamics: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

The Journal of Sex Research March 28, 2025 Daniel J. Kruger, Eirini K. Argyri, Justin K. Mogilski et al. 7 citations

= 581). Most participants (70.2%) reported perceived impacts of psychedelic experiences on their sexuality and/or sexual experiences, with 65.4% noting short-term effects during psychedelic experiences and 52.8% reporting long-term effects, although no individual effect was endorsed by most participants. A higher proportion of participants indicated that psychedelic experiences enhanced, rather...

Psychedelic Therapist Sexual Misconduct and Other Adverse Experiences Among a Sample of Naturalistic Psychedelic Users.

Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) March 1, 2025 Daniel J. Kruger, Jacob S. Aday, Christopher W Fields et al. 19 citations

Psychedelic substances have been used for centuries in various cultural and religious contexts, and more recently, in clinical research and therapy. There is a surge of interest in psychedelics, and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is becoming increasingly accessible. However, most individuals using psychedelics do so outside of therapeutic contexts. It is important to understand the adverse...

On Minimizing Risk and Harm in the Use of Psychedelics.

Psychiatr Res Clin Pract February 11, 2025 Jules Evans, Marc Aixalà, Brian T Anderson et al. 18 citations

Objective: This article outlines recommendations from 30 psychedelic researchers on how to create a better psychedelic safety net. Methods: A survey of 30 psychedelic researchers asked them to identify key critical research gaps around psychedelic harm and safety. Results: The critical research gaps identified by the authors included defining the main types of psychedelic harm, the predictors...

Psychedelics and chronic pain: self-reported outcomes on changed substance use patterns and health following naturalistic psychedelic use

British Journal of Pain February 11, 2025 Anne Baker, Stephanie Lake, Philippe Lucas et al. 7 citations

Psychedelic substances have shown preliminary efficacy for several neuropsychiatric disorders and are currently being investigated for chronic pain conditions. However, few studies have investigated outcomes of naturalistic psychedelic use among individuals with chronic pain, and none have assessed psychedelic-related changes in substance use patterns in this population. In a cross-sectional...

Tripping into Treatment: Comparing Initial and Current Motivations for Psychedelic Use

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs February 5, 2025 Daniel J. Kruger, Jeff Albrecht, Jacob S. Aday et al. 3 citations

Psychedelic drugs are currently being explored for their therapeutic potential for a variety of health conditions. The recent increased public interest in psychedelics necessitates empirical investigation into motivations for use among users as well as how motivations may change over time. We asked a large sample of participants reporting naturalistic psychedelic use (N = 1221) about their...

Best practices for first psychedelic experiences: harm reduction advice from the psychedelic community

Figshare 2025 Daniel J. Kruger, Gina Mersereau, Ashley Sullivan et al.

Abstract Background The use of psychedelics is currently increasing in the United States. Awareness of clinical trials investigating the therapeutic applications of psychedelics may result in a record number of people who use psychedelics for the first-time. This study aimed to develop a harm-reduction resource to facilitate safe and successful psychedelic experiences outside of regulated...

Trainees Unprepared for Advances in Psychedelic Medicine: A Survey Study.

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2025 Jamarie Geller, Nicolas G. Glynos, Andrew Lemmen et al.

This study aimed to characterize attitudes and identify gaps in trainee knowledge and education that may impact the field's readiness for the reemergence of psychedelic use in psychiatry. A two-part survey was sent out targeting medical and allied professional trainees who may interact with patients using or planning to use psychedelics therapeutically. Collected data for part one characterized...

Reviewing the Risk of Ketene Formation in Dabbing and Vaping Tetrahydrocannabinol-O-Acetate.

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research October 1, 2024 Carlton Cb Bone, Charles Klein, Kaelas Munger et al. 6 citations

Introduction: In the wake of continued consumer demand despite increasing regulatory scrutiny, there is a need to develop systematic methods for identifying the harm profile of new psychoactive substances derived from hemp. Tetrahydrocannabinol-O (THC-O)-acetate, colloquially known as THCO, is the acetate ester of the principal psychoactive compound in cannabis. The heating of THCO can create...

Going Underground: Demographics, Services, and Best Practices Endorsed by Practitioners Providing Support for Naturalistic Psychedelic Use

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs September 19, 2024 Anne Baker, Niloufar Pouyan, Julie Barron et al. 9 citations

Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has shown preliminary efficacy for psychiatric and physical health conditions. Although some people report naturalistic psychedelic use with so-called "underground" practitioners, little is known about PAT that occurs outside of controlled clinical settings or perspectives of these practitioners. We conducted an anonymous online survey of individuals who...

Attitudes of psychedelic users regarding cost of treatment and non-hallucinogenic alternatives

Journal of Psychedelic Studies May 30, 2024 Jacob S. Aday, Kevin F. Boehnke, Moss Herberholz et al. 3 citations

Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is currently being studied as a possible treatment option for multiple disorders. Despite promising safety and efficacy findings, the high costs of the current PAP model makes it questionable if the treatment will be scalable. Non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogs have been developed as a potential cost-effective alternative, but it is unclear what...

Psychedelic substitution: altered substance use patterns following psychedelic use in a global survey.

Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024 Nicolas G. Glynos, Jacob S. Aday, Daniel J. Kruger et al. 15 citations

Recent research suggests that psychedelics may have potential for the treatment of various substance use disorders. However, most studies to date have been limited by small sample sizes and neglecting to include non-North American and European populations. We conducted a global, cross-sectional online survey of adults (n = 5,268, 47.2% women) self-reporting past or current psychedelic use and...

THC-O-Acetate: Scarce Evidence for a Psychedelic Cannabinoid.

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2024 Daniel J. Kruger, Carlton Cb Bone, Meredith C Meacham et al. 9 citations

There is a growing interest in semi-synthetic cannabinoids, including THC-O-acetate (THC-Oac). Some cannabis marketers and users have claimed that THC-Oac produces psychedelic effects; the current study is the first to examine this claim. Researchers developed an online survey for THC-Oac consumers based on previous cannabis and psychedelic use surveys and in consultation with the moderator of...

Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin for Treating Psychological Distress among Survivors of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Evidence on Acceptability and Potential Efficacy of Psilocybin Use

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs October 10, 2023 Ashmita Grewal, Kalysha Closson, Gina Martin et al. 11 citations

Survivors of adverse childhood experience are at elevated risk for psychological distress. In recent years, renewed interest in psychedelic medicine has highlighted the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for those who have experienced childhood adversity. However, recreational psilocybin use remains illegal and access to approved therapies is difficult. Such use provides an opportunity to...

Slouching towards engagement: interactions between people using psychedelics naturalistically and their healthcare providers

Frontiers in Psychiatry August 4, 2023 Kasey Cox, Cody Weston, Moss Herberholz et al.

Introduction There is substantial public interest in psychedelics as potential treatments for psychiatric conditions. However, most psychedelics are criminalized under federal law in the USA, so it is unclear whether use occurs with clinical support. Our objective was to assess whether naturalistic psychedelic use occurs with clinical support, interactions between those using psychedelics and...

The Relationship Between Naturalistic Psychedelic Use and Clinical Care in Canada

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs July 29, 2023 Nicolas G. Glynos, Daniel J. Kruger, Nicholas Kolbman et al.

ABSTRACT Naturalistic psychedelic use among Canadians is common. However, interactions about psychedelic use between patients and clinicians in Canada remain unclear. Via an anonymous survey, we assessed health outcomes and integration of psychedelic use with health care providers (HCP) among Canadian adults reporting past use of a psychedelic. The survey included 2,384 participants, and most...

Consumer Experiences with Delta-8-THC: Medical Use, Pharmaceutical Substitution, and Comparisons with Delta-9-THC

Cannabis & Cannabinoid Research February 1, 2023 Daniel J. Kruger, Jessica S Kruger

Introduction: Cannabis products containing delta-8-THC became widely available in most of the United States in late 2020 and rapidly became a significant source of revenue for hemp processing companies, especially in states where use of delta-9-THC remains illegal or requires professional authorization for medical use. Scientific research on the use of delta-8-THC is scarce, previous clinical...