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Psychedelic Medicine

ISSN 2831-4425

54 papers in the library · 210 citations · publishing 2022-2026

Papers

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Correlation of Ketamine and Classic Psychedelics with Pain-Related Neural Connectivity: A Scoping Review of Clinical Experiments on a Potential Therapeutic Target Concerning Ketamine and Classical Psychedelics Administration for Pain Relief

Psychedelic Medicine September 14, 2026 Vasileios Chytas, Georgios Tsimploulis, Dimitrios Chytas

Purpose: Ketamine and classic psychedelics have recently gained increased scientific interest regarding their role in pain management, while there is evidence that pain induces neural connectivity changes. We performed a scoping review to investigate the correlation of ketamine and classic psychedelics with pain-related neural connectivity, aiming to find potential therapeutic targets for these...

Psychedelics and Reward Processing: Before and After the 1970 Controlled Substances Act

Psychedelic Medicine July 24, 2026 Matthew C. Company, Dylan J. Lifshitz, M. Farris Sawaya et al.

This narrative review traces how the scientific understanding of psychedelics has intersected with “reward processing” from before the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) era to the present, emphasizing how cultural and regulatory climates shaped what was viewed as an acceptable research question. Reward processing is treated as a family of partially overlapping phenomena: (1) reward-linked...

What About Psycholytic Therapy? A Historical Revisiting of Psychedelics Assisting Psychotherapy

Psychedelic Medicine July 22, 2026 Idir Zaher, Jérémie K. Richard

Introduction: The renewed clinical interest in psychedelics is often framed in ways that blur the distinction between psychotherapy and the psychedelic drug experience itself. Revisiting early research and clinical observations from the first wave of psychedelic science may help clarify how these processes were originally conceptualized. In the mid-20th century, LSD and other serotonergic...

Politically Salient Events May Modulate Effects of Naturalistic Psychedelic Use on Support for Partisan Violence

Psychedelic Medicine June 22, 2026 Otto Simonsson, Peter S. Hendricks, Walter Osika et al.

Background: Previous research indicates that psychedelics may produce outcomes that are dependent on the immediate context. Recent scholarship hypothesizes that such outcomes may also depend on the broader sociocultural context, but empirical data are lacking. Methods: Using a longitudinal observational research design with a large sample of US adults ( N = 21,990) followed during a 2-month...

Strong Alliance, Weak Conclusions: Comment on Goodwin et al. (2026) “The Role of Therapeutic Alliance in Psilocybin Treatment for Treatment-Resistant Depression”

Psychedelic Medicine June 16, 2026 Max Wolff, Samuli Kangaslampi, Richard J. Zeifman et al.

This commentary critically examines the interpretation and analytic choices in Goodwin and colleagues’ recent analysis of therapeutic alliance in psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression. While the authors conclude that alliance did not meaningfully contribute to treatment efficacy, we argue that this interpretation is not supported by the reported results, which are, in...

Baseline Resilience as a Predictor of Ayahuasca Acute Effects and Moderator of the Relationship between Acute Effects and Psychospiritual Outcomes

Psychedelic Medicine May 9, 2026 Yitong Xin, Alan K. Davis, Susan Yoon et al.

Background and Purpose: Ayahuasca can produce a dynamic set of both positive and negative acute effects. Commonly reported challenges include physical symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting) and emotional distress (e.g., frightening hallucinations, paranoia). Despite these difficulties, many individuals describe their challenging experiences as contributing to personal healing and beneficial...

US Institutional Review Board Perspectives Regarding Psychedelic Research

Psychedelic Medicine April 23, 2026 Jill Oliver Robinson, Ruiying (aria) Xiong, Logan Neitzke-Spruill et al.

Background: Institutional review boards (IRBs) are gatekeepers of psychedelic research, deciding whether and under what conditions it may proceed. Yet IRB understanding, attitudes, perspectives, and concerns regarding psychedelics and psychedelic research have not previously been studied. These factors are important to assessing whether US IRBs are likely to be over- or underprotective of...

Dorsal Raphe Revisited: A Systems Neuroscience Lens on Psychedelic Drug Action

Psychedelic Medicine April 9, 2026 Alex C. Kwan

Psychedelics rose to prominence in the 1960s, around the same time when neurobiologists identified the midbrain raphe as the brain’s primary source of serotonin. It is therefore no surprise that early studies on classical psychedelics like d -lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) focused on their effects within this brainstem nucleus. This review traces the arc of discovery: from the initial report...

Effects of Psychedelics Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and R (–)-2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Iodoamphetamine on Oral Opioid Consumption and Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal in Male C57Bl/6J Mice

Psychedelic Medicine March 28, 2026 Levi Neal, Hannah E. Shaw, Brenda M. Gannon et al.

Background: There are currently three FDA-approved medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), but none of them are especially effective, some can precipitate withdrawal in dependent individuals, and all of them require daily administration. In the appropriate settings, single administrations of psychedelics can elicit persistent anti-addiction effects in humans and in laboratory animals, but...

Balancing Innovation and Evidence: Reflections on Structured Protocols in MDMA-Assisted Therapy Versus a Principle-Guided, Patient-Directed Approach

Psychedelic Medicine March 10, 2026 Amy Lehrner, Miryam Sperka, Lauren Lepow et al. 1 citation

There is growing interest in incorporating MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) into structured, evidence-based cognitive-behavioral treatment protocols for post-traumatic stress disorder. Yet this risks overlooking the distinctive qualities of MDMA-assisted therapy, which has already demonstrated strong clinical effects, high response rates, and low dropout using a principle-guided,...

Qualitative Research on Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Mental Disorders: A Scoping Review

Psychedelic Medicine March 1, 2026 Jennifer Pincombe, Martin L Williams, Sean Carruthers et al.

Background: Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) may be an effective intervention for a range of mental disorders. However, there appears to be a relative lack of qualitative evidence to complement emerging quantitative findings. To our knowledge, no reviews have systematically mapped the literature on qualitative studies on PAP for the treatment of mental disorders with the intent to...

Perceived Availability of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in the United States from 2015 to 2019

Psychedelic Medicine March 1, 2026 Brian S. Barnett, Akhil Anand, Elizabeth N. Dewey et al.

Objective: While data on perceived availability of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) [paLSD] are collected annually in the United States, detailed investigations of recent trends in paLSD have not been published. Therefore, we sought to explore this topic. Method: Data were sourced from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) administrations. To identify factors associated...

Predicting Nurses’ Views on Decriminalization of Psychedelics

Psychedelic Medicine February 8, 2026 Carolyn M. Porta, Cheng-Chang Wu, Anna Graefe et al.

Background: Despite being the largest sector of the health care workforce with potential to support advancing psychedelics in health care, nurses and their views toward psychedelics and changing legal restrictions remain mostly unknown. Aims: To identify an optimal predictive model for nurses’ support (or not) of decriminalization of psychedelics. Methods: Secondary analysis of e-survey data...

Computational Analysis of Psilocybin Effects on Three-Choice Touchscreen Reversal Learning in Rats: A Pilot Study

Psychedelic Medicine February 3, 2026 Anton T. Gregersen, Tobias P. Whelan, Caroline T. Golden et al. 2 citations

Introduction: Cognitive flexibility is essential for behavioral adaptation in response to environmental changes and is impaired in various neuropsychiatric disorders. The serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin has shown potential in enhancing cognitive flexibility, although with mixed results. In this study, we investigated the effects of psilocybin on cognitive flexibility in rats using a...

Group Retreat Psilocybin Therapy for People with Metastatic Cancer with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: Safety and Efficacy Outcomes of a Phase 1/2 Study

Psychedelic Medicine January 18, 2026 Anthony L. Back, Bonnie A. Mcgregor, Leslie Lazar Thorn et al. 1 citation

Background: Psilocybin is a promising therapy for cancer-related distress, but existing individual treatment models are resource intensive. In this study, we designed and tested a group model of psilocybin therapy for people with metastatic cancer and cancer-related anxiety and depression. Method: Eligibility criteria included metastatic cancer, moderate-to-severe symptoms of anxiety or...

Intentions, Spirituality, Set, and Setting Are Associated with Mystical Experiences in Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy

Psychedelic Medicine January 12, 2026 Kelsey T. Laird, Prabha Siddarth, Ashley Ramos et al.

Objective: Emerging evidence suggests that mystical experiences mediate the therapeutic effects of psychedelic-assisted therapy. The current study examines associations between mystical experiences and components of “set” (positive mindset, participant intentions, and spirituality) and “setting” (perceived positivity of the dosing environment) in the context of psilocybin-assisted therapy for...

A Practical Approach and Framework to Quality Management for Psychedelic Drug Development

Psychedelic Medicine January 7, 2026 Dawn Lundin

Sponsor companies and physician investigators engaged in clinical research, including those involved in psychedelic drug development, are to design quality into the clinical studies upfront as outlined in International Council for Harmonization (ICH) E8 R1, General Considerations for Clinical Studies, and ICH E6 R3, Guideline for Good Clinical Practice. Identification of what is critical to...

Effects of 5-HT 2A Receptor Activation on Oxycodone Demand after Short and Long Access Self-Administration in Male and Female Rats

Psychedelic Medicine January 7, 2026 Carter J. Richardson, Alice J. McQueney, Thomas Stevens et al.

Introduction: Oxycodone is a necessary analgesic medication but carries abuse potential. There is an urgent need to develop therapeutics to reduce abuse potential. Psychedelic compounds may be a viable option, but the behavioral and pharmacological mechanism of action is undefined. Methods: Male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were implanted with indwelling jugular catheters and allowed to...

Past-Year Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Use in United States Sexual Minorities from 2015 to 2019

Psychedelic Medicine December 30, 2025 Brian S. Barnett, Akhil Anand, Tatiana Falcone et al.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize changes in estimated past-year lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use among sexual minorities in the United States using nationally representative data and to compare correlates of LSD use between lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals (LGB) and heterosexual individuals. Method: Using National Survey on Drug Use and Health data on adults from 2015 to...

A Nature-Themed Video Intervention Increases Nature Relatedness in Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder

Psychedelic Medicine December 26, 2025 Rhianna Rich, Kelsey T. Laird, Prabha Siddarth et al.

Background: Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has shown promising results for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other mental health conditions. Although the precise mechanisms of psychedelic therapies remain unclear, many studies report increased feelings of connectedness following psychedelic experiences. Specifically, both nature relatedness (one’s subjective sense of being connected...

Group Retreat Psilocybin Therapy for People with Metastatic Cancer with Anxiety and Depression: A Rite of Passage Facilitation Model for a Phase 1/2 Study

Psychedelic Medicine December 23, 2025 Anthony L. Back, Bonnie A. Mcgregor, Lindsay Billingsley et al. 1 citation

Background: Psilocybin therapy is an emerging treatment for cancer-related anxiety, depression, and existential distress. Most clinical trials to date have studied individual models of psilocybin therapy, but group models may offer increased access and benefits of community. Purpose: This technical report describes a group facilitation model developed for an food and drug administration...

Assessing The Readiness of Psychiatrists in Louisiana to Incorporate Psilocybin into Clinical Practice—Lessons Learned from a State Underrepresented in Clinical Psychedelic Research

Psychedelic Medicine December 19, 2025 Amanda Husein, Madalynn Traylor, M. Frances Vest et al.

Background: Psilocybin has been granted breakthrough therapy status in the United States, speeding its advancement from research to clinical care. Due to the controversial nature of psilocybin, psychiatrists may not be fully prepared to incorporate it into clinical practice. The current study aimed to evaluate the opinions toward psilocybin among practicing psychiatrists in Louisiana. Louisiana...

Exploring Access to Psychedelics Among Canadian Veterans: Pathways, Barriers, and Perceptions

Psychedelic Medicine December 17, 2025 Luis E. Contreras, Grace M Elliott, Francesco Kment et al.

Introduction:Psychedelic-assisted therapies have recently gained attention as potential novel treatments for various mental health conditions. In Canada, there has been particular interest from the veteran communities regarding the potential therapeutic impact of psychedelics. However, legal access remains limited in Canada, leading some veterans to explore alternative pathways. Here, we aimed...

Preadministration of Lorazepam Negates the Long-Term Antidepressant-Like Effects of Psilocybin in Male Wistar Kyoto Rats

Psychedelic Medicine December 16, 2025 Sophie Woodruff, Meghan Hibicke, Charles D. Nichols

Introduction:Psilocybin, a classical psychedelic, has shown to produce persistent antidepressant effects, including in patients with treatment-resistant depression. In clinical practice, it is common to coprescribe benzodiazepines (BZDs) alongside antidepressants. However, our preliminary study indicated that preadministration of lorazepam diminished the antidepressant-like efficacy and...

Ceremonial Psychedelic Experiences and Changes in Mental Health Outcomes in Those with Adverse Childhood Experiences

Psychedelic Medicine December 15, 2025 M. Mehmood, Rebecka Bremler, M. Spriggs et al.

Background:Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known to contribute to mental health issues and interfere with response to mental health interventions. Psychedelics have been found to improve mental health outcomes; however, the exploration of the effects of psychedelics on mental health in those with higher ACEs remains limited. The present study aimed to examine mental health outcomes and...