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Balachundhar Subramaniam

17 papers in the library · 54 citations · publishing 2019-2026

Papers

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Awakening as a Trait-Level Transformation of Consciousness

arXiv Preprint Archive October 14, 2026 Riku Ihalainen, Victor Oswald, Gulshan Kumar et al. preprint

Awakening is reported across contemplative traditions yet remains poorly defined in science, where it is often conflated with transient states induced by meditation or psychedelics, obscuring its significance for theories of consciousness and cognitive architecture. We treat awakening as a functional construct capturing convergence across Hindu and Buddhist sources, phenomenological and...

Immediate changes following a single 7-minute free digital Miracle of Mind meditation: a single-arm feasibility study

BMC Psychology September 28, 2026 Deepthi Rajashekar, Saketh Malipeddi, Jyotsna Agrawal et al.

Scalable digital strategies that support subjective well-being before the consolidation of psychological distress remain limited. Ultra-brief, mobile-delivered interventions may offer a low-burden, just-in-time approach compatible with everyday digital ecosystems. However, the extent to which a single-session, sub-10-minute digital meditation is associated with immediate changes in...

Meditation and breathwork on anxiety in Parkinson's disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Journal of Parkinson's disease August 6, 2026 Akila Rayapuraju, Preeti U. Reed, Jennifer Liu et al.

BackgroundAnxiety and other non-motor symptoms can greatly diminish quality of life in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Yet, few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed accessible, non-pharmacological mental health treatments for people with PD.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and impact of brief, remotely-delivered meditation and breathwork on neuropsychiatric symptoms in...

Time-to-onset and temporal dynamics of EEG during breath-watching meditation

bioRxiv Preprint Server February 11, 2025 Saketh Malipeddi, Arun Sasidharan, Rahul Venugopal et al. 2 citations preprint

Introduction Mind-body practices, such as meditation, enhance mental well-being. Research studies consistently demonstrate improved brain function and psychological well-being in meditation practitioners. A substantial body of neuroscientific evidence highlights changes in alpha and theta frequency bands during meditation among practitioners. Neurophysiological effects of meditation are...

From strain to strength: a yearlong study on the transformative influence of inner engineering online program on mental well-being

Frontiers in Psychology February 4, 2025 Ashwin Swaminathan, Braiden DeSchryver, Akila Rayapuraju et al.

Introduction Health is a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being, all of which are deeply interconnected. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of mental and social health, as rates of loneliness, depression, and anxiety surged. Mindfulness practices, such as Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya (SMK), have gained attention for their potential to enhance...

The effect of the inner engineering program on interpersonal relationships: a qualitative study of emotional regulation and relational transformation.

Frontiers in Psychology 2025 Enas Mohamed, Arlene Katz, Nashaw Jafari et al.

Relationship difficulties are a major source of anxiety in contemporary society, contributing to social withdrawal, emotional reactivity, and conflict, which in turn increase isolation and distress. Meditation has emerged as a promising strategy for managing these stressors by fostering self-awareness, resilience, and empathy. This study explores the Inner Engineering (IE) program, a...

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1595878 (opens in new tab) Full text (opens in new tab) Shambhavi mahamudra kriya Emotional regulation Inner engineering meditation Relationships +1

Sleep-Based Brain Age Is Reduced in Advanced Inner Engineering Meditators.

Mindfulness 2025 Jayme C Banks, Sepideh Hariri, Kestutis Kveraga et al.

We aimed to quantify the effects of advanced meditation on brain electrical activity during sleep. This investigation addresses the need for objective neurophysiological measures of meditation's potential impact on brain aging and health. This study was a single-site, prospective cohort study (conducted August 25, 2021, through September 26, 2021) of meditators attending the "Samyama Sadhana"...

Isha yoga practices, vegan diet, and participation in Samyama meditation retreat: impact on the gut microbiome & metabolome - a non-randomized trial.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies April 5, 2023 Maitreyi Raman, Ramana V. Vishnubhotla, Hena R Ramay et al. 25 citations

Growing evidence suggests a role for gut bacteria and their metabolites in host-signaling responses along the gut-brain axis which may impact mental health. Meditation is increasingly utilized to combat stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. However, its impact on the microbiome remains unclear. This study observes the effects of preparation and participation in an advanced meditation...

Advanced Meditation and Vegan Diet Increased Acylglycines and Reduced Lipids Associated with Improved Health: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine August 2022 Ramana V. Vishnubhotla, Paul L. Wood, Ashutosh Verma et al.

Introduction: Samyama is an Isha Yoga 8-day residential meditation/yoga retreat combined with 60 days of preparation with vegan diet. We showed earlier Samyama retreat was associated with lower systemic inflammation and favorable lipid profiles along with other physical and mental health benefits. There is no mechanistic study on the impact of an advanced meditative process on multiple blood...

Perceived Stress, Resilience, and Wellbeing in Seasoned Isha Yoga Practitioners Compared to Matched Controls During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Public Health July 29, 2022 Preeti Upadhyay, Shilpa Narayanan, Tanvi Khera et al.

BackgroundYoga practices, including breathing, meditation, and posture protocols (asanas), have been shown to facilitate physical and mental wellbeing.MethodsSeasoned yoga practitioners were recruited from the Isha Foundation. Recruitment of the comparison group was achieved using snowball sampling and were not yoga practitioners. Participants in the non-yoga group were randomized to a 3-min...

Short Term Effects of Inner Engineering Completion Online Program on Stress and Well-Being Measures.

Frontiers in Psychology April 27, 2022 Preeti Upadhyay, Akshaj Joshi, Isha Mishra et al.

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has been a major disruptor of routine life, resulting in increased stress and predisposing people to negative outcomes, such as insomnia, anxiety and hopelessness. Mind-body interventions have improved concentration, emotional balance, and positive emotions, with an enhanced sense of productivity, and self-confidence. We therefore hypothesized that exposure...

Isha Yoga Practices and Participation in Samyama Program are Associated with Reduced HbA1C and Systemic Inflammation, Improved Lipid Profile, and Short-Term and Sustained Improvement in Mental Health: A Prospective Observational Study of Meditators

Frontiers in Psychology May 19, 2021 Senthilkumar Sadhasivam, Suresh Alankar, Raj K. Maturi et al. 27 citations

Background: Meditation is gaining recognition as a tool to impact health and well-being. Samyama is an 8-day intensive residential meditation experience conducted by Isha Foundation requiring several months of extensive preparation and vegan diet. The health effects of Samyama have not been previously studied. The objective was to assess physical and emotional well-being before and after...

Advanced Meditation Alters Resting-State Brain Network Connectivity Correlating With Improved Mindfulness.

Frontiers in Psychology 2021 Ramana V. Vishnubhotla, Rupa Radhakrishnan, Kestas Kveraga et al.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an intensive 8-day Samyama meditation program on the brain functional connectivity using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Methods: Thirteen Samyama program participants (meditators) and 4 controls underwent fMRI brain scans before and after the 8-day residential meditation program. Subjects underwent fMRI with a blood...

Guided meditation as an adjunct to enhance postoperative recovery after cardiac surgery: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled feasibility trial.

Trials January 11, 2019 Senthil Packiasabapathy, Ammu T Susheela, Ariel L Mueller et al.

Background: Cardiac surgical procedures are associated with postoperative neurological complications such as cognitive decline and delirium, which can complicate recovery and impair quality of life. Perioperative depression and anxiety may be associated with increased mortality after cardiac surgeries. Surgical prehabilitation is an emerging concept that includes preoperative interventions to...

Cortical Changes Associated with Isha Kriya Meditation Revealed by Encephalography in Novice and Experienced Meditators – a Longitudinal Pilot Study

Ramana V. Vishnubhotla, Preeti U. Reed, Balachundhar Subramaniam preprint

A bstract Background Isha Kriya (IK) is a widely available meditation practice that incorporates breathing regulation that has shown to improve self-reported symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. An increasing amount of research has been published on the effects of various meditative practices on scalp electroencephalography (EEG). However, the effects of IK on cortical activity have not...

Restoring Function in Long COVID Through Web-Based Isha Kriya Meditation and Breathwork: A Mixed Methods Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

Akila Rayapuraju, Enas Mohamed, Preeti Upadhyay Reed et al.

BACKGROUND Long COVID imposes severe functional impairments and strains health systems. Web-based mind-body interventions may offer scalable support for multidisciplinary care. OBJECTIVE We assessed the feasibility and efficacy of a 3-week web-based yogic breathing and meditation program on quality of life in individuals with long COVID. METHODS : In this 6-week waitlisted, mixed-methods...