The MIT Press eBooks
December 16, 2025
Kenneth Williford
Our thought or perception is essentially reflexive upon itself; or as it is expressed more happily in Latin, est sui conscia, for I never think without knowing that I think. . . .In addition to this reflection which can be called virtual and which is found in all our perceptions, there is another, more explicit kind by which we examine our perception by another perception, as every one can...
Brain Sci
October 9, 2023
David Rudrauf, Grégoire Sergeant-Perthuis, Yvain Tisserand et al.
The Projective Consciousness Model: Projective Geometry at the Core of Consciousness and the Integration of Perception, Imagination, Motivation, Emotion, Social Cognition and Action.
The Behavioral and brain sciences
March 23, 2022
Björn Merker, Kenneth Williford, David Rudrauf
In our response to a truly diverse set of commentaries, we first summarize the principal topical themes around which they cluster, then address two "outlier" positions (the problem of consciousness has been solved vs. is intractable). Next, we address ways in which commentaries by non-integrated information theory (IIT) authors engage with the specifics of our IIT critique, turning finally to...
The Behavioral and brain sciences
May 19, 2021
Björn Merker, Kenneth Williford, David Rudrauf
Giulio Tononi's integrated information theory (IIT) proposes explaining consciousness by directly identifying it with integrated information. We examine the construct validity of IIT's measure of consciousness, phi (Φ), by analyzing its formal properties, its relation to key aspects of consciousness, and its co-variation with relevant empirical circumstances. Our analysis shows that IIT's...
Frontiers in Psychology
2018
Kenneth Williford, Daniel Bennequin, Karl Friston et al.
85 citations
We summarize our recently introduced Projective Consciousness Model (PCM) (Rudrauf et al., 2017) and relate it to outstanding conceptual issues in the theory of consciousness. The PCM combines a projective geometrical model of the perspectival phenomenological structure of the field of consciousness with a variational Free Energy minimization model of active inference, yielding an account of...
Journal of theoretical biology
September 7, 2017
David Rudrauf, Daniel Bennequin, Isabela Granic et al.
We introduce a mathematical model of embodied consciousness, the Projective Consciousness Model (PCM), which is based on the hypothesis that the spatial field of consciousness (FoC) is structured by a projective geometry and under the control of a process of active inference. The FoC in the PCM combines multisensory evidence with prior beliefs in memory and frames them by selecting points of...