Powder DiffractionDecember 1, 2025Analio Dugarte-Dugarte, Jacco van de Streek, Graciela Dı́az de Delgado et al.
Abstract The crystal structures of two arylcyclohexylamine derivatives – methoxmetamine·HCl (2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one hydrochloride, MMXE·HCl) and methoxetamine·HCl (2-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one hydrochloride, MXE·HCl) – have been determined using laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data contained in the Powder Diffraction File ™ . MMXE·HCl and...
Baeocystin is a naturally occurring tryptamine-based compound found in various psychoactive mushrooms, including in several species of Psilocybe genus. Due to its structural similarity to psilocybin, which has shown a therapeutic potential in treatment of psychiatric disorders, there is a growing interest in investigating whether baeocystin exhibits comparable effects. This study investigated...
Scientific ReportsMarch 24, 2025Lisa Höfert, Benjamin Franz, Cedric Groß et al.2 citations
The semi-synthetic cannabinoid hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) has become a highly discussed topic in forensic toxicology since 2022 due to its legal availability at this time and its psychoactive effects. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, effects, and immunological detectability of HHC after oral (25 mg HHC fruit gum) and inhalative (three puffs from HHC vape) consumption with...
Methoxphenidine (MXP) is classified as a new psychoactive substance that has recently emerged on the illicit drug market. Understanding the pharmacological and behavioural profiles of newly emerging drugs is essential for a better understanding of their psychotropic effects and potential toxicity. Therefore, in this study, we investigated a broad range of effects of acute MXP administration:...
The black market for new psychoactive substances has been constantly evolving and the substances that appear on this market cause a considerable number of issues, in extreme cases leading to human deaths. While monitoring the drug black market, we detected a sample of a dissociative anesthetic methoxphenidine, the salt of which contained an unusual anion in the form of bromo- and chloro-zincate...
Deschloroketamine (DCK), a structural analogue of ketamine, has recently emerged on the illicit drug market as a recreational drug with a modestly long duration of action. Despite it being widely used by recreational users, no systematic research on its effects has been performed to date. Pharmacokinetics, acute effects, and addictive potential in a series of behavioural tests in Wistar rats...
Deschloroketamine has been synthesized, the absolute configuration of enantiomers elucidated and the in vitro cytotoxicity of the enantiomers determined using nine different cell lines.
X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters and space group for 2-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one hydrochloride, C 15 H 22 ClNO 2 , are reported [ a = 8.574(2) Å, b = 9.943(2) Å, c = 8.774(1) Å, β = 100.294(3)°, unit-cell volume V = 736(1) Å 3 , Z = 2, and space-group P 2 1 ]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P 2 1 space group. No detectable...
X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for S -2-(methylamino)-2-phenylcyclohexan-1-one hydrochloride, C 13 H 18 ClNO, are reported [ a = 6.578 (1) Å, b = 13.250 (2) Å, c = 15.096 (2) Å, β = 91.619 (3)°, unit-cell volume V = 1315(1) Å 3 , Z = 4, and space group P 2 1 ]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P 2 1 space group. No detectable...
Methoxetamine, a designer drug marketed as a replacement for the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine, has been associated with significant numbers of hospital related intoxications and deaths in Europe.
Methoxetamine (MXE) is a novel psychoactive compound (NPS) that emerged in 2010 as a substitute for the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine. MXE has a reputation of carrying a lower risk of harm than ketamine, however a number of deaths have been reported. Currently very little is known about the psychopharmacological effects of this compound or its toxicity; therefore we tested, in Wistar rats,...