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David Castle

25 papers in the library · 794 citations · publishing 0-2026

Papers

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Integration in classic psychedelic-assisted therapies for mental health conditions: a scoping review

Psychedelics July 1, 2026 Nicholas Vucak, Raimondo Bruno, Julio Quealy et al.

Background Integration — the ongoing process of revisiting, making sense of, and incorporating the content of a psychedelic experience into daily life — is a core component of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), but is variably operationalised and poorly reported in clinical research. Objective To map how integration is described, delivered, and reported in clinical studies of classic...

Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for treatment-resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder: protocol for an open-label pilot study

BJPsych Open December 15, 2025 Nicole Ledwos, Jenna Baer, Muhammad Ishrat Husain et al. 2 citations

Background Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental disorder commonly treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atypical antipsychotic augmentation and cognitive–behavioural therapy. However, up to 60% of people with OCD do not respond to these treatments. Therefore, a novel intervention, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP), is an option of interest....

Psilocybin with psychotherapeutic support for treatment-resistant depression: a pilot clinical trial

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology September 1, 2025 Sally Meikle, Olivia Carter, Paul Liknaitzky et al. 2 citations

Background: Depressive disorders are a major global health challenge, with many individuals unresponsive to existing treatments. Novel psychedelic therapies show promise but require further research. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of psilocybin with psychotherapeutic support for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), investigate predictors of...

229. PSILOCYBIN WITH PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC SUPPORT FOR TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION: A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology August 1, 2025 Susan Meikle, Olivia Carter, Paul Liknaitzky et al.

Abstract Background Depressive disorders are a major global health challenge, with many individuals unresponsive to existing treatments or left with residual symptoms such as impairments in cognition and social functioning. Emerging psychedelic therapies show promise for treating depression but require further research. Aims & Objectives This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility,...

519. PSILOCYBIN ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER, BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER, AND ANOREXIA NERVOSA: STUDY PROTOCOL

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology August 1, 2025 N Acevdo, David Castle, Susan L. Rossell

Abstract Background Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and anorexia nervosa (AN) are some of the most debilitating and chronic mental health conditions, with impairments across multiple domains of functioning, leading to poor quality of life and well-being. These conditions share overlapping psychopathological determinants in terms of cognitive-behavioural...

Aggressive behaviours associated with MDMA and psychedelics: a narrative review

Acta Neuropsychiatrica February 8, 2024 Negar Sayrafizadeh, Nicole Ledwos, Muhammad Ishrat Husain et al. 3 citations

Abstract Objective: Monoamine neurotransmitters play a role in aggression, especially when altered by illicit substances. However, some literature suggests that not all illicit substances may lead to aggression, notably psychedelics. This narrative review investigates the associations between serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA on aggressive behaviour. Methods: PubMed and PsycINFO were searched...

A proof-of concept randomized controlled trial to show that the antidepressant effect of psilocybin does not require a psychedelic experience: study protocol

European Psychiatry November 17, 2023 M. I. Husain, Daniel M. Blumberger, David Castle et al.

Introduction During the last decade there has been a resurgence of interest on the use of psychedelics as novel treatments for mental disorders, including treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Psilocybin, the chemical component of “magic mushrooms”, has been administered with psychotherapy in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showing large and sustained antidepressant effects. As the use of...

Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression without psychedelic effects: study protocol for a 4-week, double-blind, proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial

BJPsych Open July 1, 2023 Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Nicole Ledwos, Elise Fellows et al. 41 citations

Background Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psilocybin have reported large antidepressant effects in adults with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Given psilocybin's psychedelic effects, all published studies have included psychological support. These effects depend on serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation, which can be blocked by 5-HT2A receptor...

Psychedelics as Psychiatric Medications

March 1, 2023 David Nutt, David Castle 4 citations

Abstract There is substantial contemporary interest in psychedelic agents as medicines for maladies of the mind. This follows research in the 1950s and 1960s exploring the use of LSD and other psychedelics to treat a range of psychiatric illnesses as well as addictions. This research was shut down after prohibition of these drugs; however, the last decade has seen a major renewal of interest in...

Psychedelics as psychiatric medicines: Current challenges and future prospects

Psychedelics as Psychiatric Medications March 1, 2023 David Castle, Nicole Ledwos, David Nutt

Abstract This is an exciting time for psychedelics and related drugs, with a renewed scientific interest in their potential benefits for a range of mental health disorders and addictions. However, much is yet to be discovered about this group of drugs, including precisely how they work in the brain; how their biological effects interact with psychological support to effect therapeutic change;...

Serotonergic psychedelics for depression: What do we know about neurobiological mechanisms of action?

Frontiers in Psychiatry February 10, 2023 Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Nicole Ledwos, Elise Fellows et al. 47 citations

Introduction Current treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD) have limited efficacy and are associated with adverse effects. Recent studies investigating the antidepressant effect of serotonergic psychedelics—also known as classic psychedelics—have promising preliminary results with large effect sizes. In this context, we conducted a review of the putative neurobiological...

Therapeutic uses of psychedelics for eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder

Journal of Psychopharmacology December 14, 2022 Nicole Ledwos, Justyne D. Rodas, Muhammad Ishrat Husain et al. 20 citations

BACKGROUND: Clinical use of psychedelics has gained considerable attention, with promising benefits across a range of mental disorders. Current pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and eating disorders (EDs) have limited efficacy. As such, other treatment options such as psychedelic-assisted therapies are being explored in these clinical groups....

A century of research on psychedelics: A scientometric analysis on trends and knowledge maps of hallucinogens, entactogens, entheogens and dissociative drugs.

European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology November 1, 2022 Marco Solmi, Chaomei Chen, Charles Dauré et al. 55 citations

A scientometric analysis was realized to outline clinical research on psychedelics over the last century. Web of Science Core Collection was searched up to March 18, 2022, for publications on psychedelics. Network analyses and bibliometrics were combined, to identify research themes and trends with Bibliometrix and CiteSpace. The primary aim was to measure research trends evolution over time,...

Default Mode Network Modulation by Psychedelics: A Systematic Review

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology October 21, 2022 James J Gattuso, Daniel Perkins, Simon Ruffell et al. 233 citations

Abstract Psychedelics are a unique class of drug that commonly produce vivid hallucinations as well as profound psychological and mystical experiences. A grouping of interconnected brain regions characterized by increased temporal coherence at rest have been termed the Default Mode Network (DMN). The DMN has been the focus of numerous studies assessing its role in self-referencing, mind...

A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-Guided Dashboard to Review Psilocybin Target Domains: A Systematic Review.

CNS Drugs October 1, 2022 Niloufar Pouyan, Zahra Halvaei Khankahdani, Farnaz Younesi Sisi et al. 16 citations

Preliminary results from randomized controlled studies as well as identified molecular, cellular, and circuit targets of select psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin) suggest that their effects are transdiagnostic. In this review, we exploit the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) transdiagnostic framework, to synthesize extant literature on psilocybin. We aimed to identify RDoC-based effects of...

The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Report: Serotonergic Psychedelic Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry August 17, 2022 Joshua D. Rosenblat, Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Yena Lee et al. 58 citations

Objective Serotonergic psychedelics are re-emerging as potential novel treatments for several psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) convened a task force to review the evidence and provide a consensus recommendation for the clinical use of psychedelic treatments for major depressive disorder. Methods A systematic...

Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucination and Delusion Characteristics in People Diagnosed With Borderline Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia.

Journal of personality disorders August 1, 2022 Zalie Merrett, David Castle, Neil Thomas et al.

Hallucinations and delusions in borderline personality disorder (BPD) are understudied. The authors explore the phenomenology of multisensory hallucinations and delusions in individuals with BPD and compare them to those in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Clinical psychopathology was also explored. Eighty-nine adults participated and were categorized into four groups:...

The Effects of Psilocybin in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder and the General Population: Findings from Neuroimaging Studies

Psychiatry Research April 25, 2022 Hartej Gill, Parnian Puramat, Pankti Patel et al. 16 citations

The use of psilocybin as treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) has been examined as a promising alternative to traditional first-line options. We reviewed existing literature to provide a synthesis of the extant neuroimaging observations with psilocybin, and to identify putative therapeutic targets for target engagement studies with psilocybin, and potentially other psychedelics. We...

Molecular Mechanisms of Psilocybin and Implications for the Treatment of Depression

CNS Drugs November 17, 2021 Susan Ling, Felicia Ceban, Leanna M.W. Lui et al. 123 citations

Therapeutic deficiencies with monoaminergic antidepressants invites the need to identify and develop novel rapid-acting antidepressants. Hitherto, ketamine and esketamine are identified as safe, well-tolerated rapid-acting antidepressants in adults with treatment-resistant depression, and also mitigate measures of suicidality. Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid and...

Medicinal psychedelics for mental health and addiction: Advancing research of an emerging paradigm

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry March 21, 2021 Daniel Perkins, Jerome Sarris, Susan L. Rossell et al. 53 citations

The medical use of psychedelic substances (e.g. psilocybin, ayahuasca, lysergic acid diethylamide and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is attracting renewed interest, driven by a pressing need for research and development of novel therapies for psychiatric disorders, as well as promising results of contemporary studies. In this Viewpoint, we reflect upon the ‘Clinical Memorandum on...

Ayahuasca use and reported effects on depression and anxiety symptoms: An international cross-sectional study of 11,912 consumers

Journal of Affective Disorders Reports February 6, 2021 Jerome Sarris, Daniel Perkins, Lachlan Cribb et al. 72 citations

Background\nAyahuasca is a psychoactive Amazonian brew which has emerging data indicating that it has antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.\n\nMethods\nThis paper uses data from the Global Ayahuasca Project (GAP), which was undertaken across 2017-2020 and involved 11912 people, to examine the perceived effects of ayahuasca consumption on affective symptoms. The study focused on the...

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: How do we advance the field?

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry November 22, 2019 Sally Meikle, Paul Liknaitzky, Susan L. Rossell et al. 19 citations

In the quest for new treatment options for depression, attention is being paid to the potential role of psychedelic drugs. Psilocybin is of particular interest given its mechanism of action, its benefits in early trials and its relatively low side effects burden. This viewpoint outlines a number of key issues that remain to be elucidated about its potential use in the clinical environment,...

Cannabis, mind, and mirth.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 1996 F Ames, David Castle

In the context of the discovery of the cerebral ligand for the cannabis receptor, and the elucidation of its genetic sequence, we discuss the psychomimetic properties of Cannabis sativa, and explore the relationship between cannabis intoxication and mood. We suggest that renewed study of acute cannabis encephalopathy would be rewarding not only in deepening our understanding of consciousness in...

A Critical Appraisal of Evidence on the Efficacy and Safety of Serotonergic Psychedelic Drugs as Emerging Antidepressants: Mind the Evidence Gap.

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology Nicole Ledwos, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Daniel M. Blumberger et al. 16 citations

There has been resurgence of interest in the therapeutic use of serotonergic ("classic") psychedelics in major depressive disorder (MDD) and end-of-life distress. This commentary offers a critical appraisal of current evidence for antidepressant effects of classic psychedelics from contemporary clinical trials and highlights pitfalls that should be addressed before clinical translation. A...