RATIONALE: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is used recreationally and investigated as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Methylphenidate and modafinil are psychostimulants that are used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, respectively, but they are also misused as cognitive enhancers. Little is known about differences in the acute effects of equally...
Cigarette craving is a key contributor of nicotine addiction. Hypnotic aversion suggestions have been used to help smoking cessation and reduce smoking relapse rates but its neural basis is poorly understood. This study investigated the underlying neural basis of hypnosis treatment for nicotine addiction with resting state Electroencephalograph (EEG) coherence as the measure. The sample...
Buddhist-derived meditation practices are currently being employed as a popular form of health promotion. While meditation programs draw inspiration from Buddhist textual sources for the benefits of meditation, these sources also acknowledge a wide range of other effects beyond health-related outcomes. The Varieties of Contemplative Experience study investigates meditation-related experiences...
In recent years, empirical data and theoretical accounts relating to the relationship between childhood victimization and psychotic experiences have accumulated. Much of this work has focused on co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder or putative causal mechanisms in isolation from each other. The complexity of posttraumatic stress reactions experienced in psychosis remains poorly...
Traditionally, philosophers have appealed to the phenomenological similarity between visual experience and visual imagery to support the hypothesis that there is significant overlap between the perceptual and imaginative domains. The current evidence, however, is inconclusive: while evidence from transcranial brain stimulation seems to support this conclusion, neurophysiological evidence from...
Infantile spasms (IS) syndrome is an age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy, which occurs in children characterized by spasms, impaired consciousness, and hypsarrhythmia. Abnormalities in default mode network (DMN) might contribute to the loss of consciousness during seizures and cognitive deficits in children with IS. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in DMN with...
Cognitive dream theory is based on observations of the parallels between dreaming and waking cognition, the so-called ‘continuity hypothesis’. Many studies indicate that sleep and dreaming contribute to storing and consolidating elements of memory in various systems with differing functions. Robert Hoss, a former president of the International Association for the Study of Dreams, has described...
One of the most salient features of dreams is the continual appearance of characters and the interactions between them. Personification appears as interactions between the dream self and other characters, and general patterns become more obvious than in waking life. Aspiring to simulate human reality, artificial intelligence research has found that practical intelligence does not work through...
The platinum‐based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are often used for chemotherapy, but drug resistance is common. The prediction of resistance to these drugs via genomics is a challenging problem since hundreds of genes are involved. A possible alternative is to use mass spectrometry to determine the propensity for cells to form drug‐DNA adducts—the pharmacodynamic drug‐target...
ABSTRACT While the growth of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and its underlying construct, psychological flexibility, has been supported by numerous studies, it has received little attention from sociocultural disciplines. With the aim of considering the transdiagnostic Psychological Flexibility Model from a cultural perspective and from an interdisciplinary approach combining both Psychology...