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July 12, 2017 Deane H. Shapiro
Meditation, if it is to be considered an empirically effective clinical strategy, needs to be subjected to the same scientific scrutiny as any other psychotherapeutic strategy. One of the primary weaknesses in meditation studies thus far has been the lack of a clear theoretical rationale linking the independent variable and the selection of the dependent variable. Careful consideration should...
July 12, 2017 Roger Walsh 1 citation
Meditation of one type or another can be found in a wide variety of cultures and traced back for at least two and a half thousand years. The wide spread of popularity of transcendental meditation has been helpful since it comprises a simple, rapid, highly standardized training procedure which readily lends itself to experimental investigation. The responses to meditation are most readily...
July 12, 2017 Jonathan Cole Smith
The most conspicuous trend is that messianic research appears to be on the decline. In the early 1970&s;s meditation research tended to be conducted by new meditation converts who at times seemed more committed to furthering their cause than to objective research. The design involves comparing transcendental meditation (TM) to no treatment and to a control treatment carefully constructed to...
July 12, 2017 Deane H. Shapiro 1 citation
This chapter provides one perspective: a systems framework, involving several dimensions, which may be helpful in providing further clarity and precision when researching meditation, whether as a self-regulation strategy or as an altered state of consciousness. Most of the empirical research on meditation in Western settings has been concerned with looking at physiological and/or behavioral...
July 12, 2017 Robert L. Woolfolk
The analysis of relationships between behavior therapy and meditation is best preceded by a clarification of the understanding of these two terms. Behavior therapy is neither a school or theory of psychotherapy nor a set of therapeutic techniques. It is a set of metatheoretical assumptions leading to an approach to the understanding and modification of behavior in social learning theory terms...
July 12, 2017 James E. Bennett 1 citation
The hemispheres of the brain are thought to be specialized with respect to the manner in which they process information. In view of this it is possible to explore the way information is processed during the performance of a specified task by identifying the relative activity of the hemispheres. The hypothesis, that meditation is characterized by a gestalt, holistic and spacial cognitive style...
July 12, 2017 Bernard Glueck 1 citation
The weakening of the repression barrier that occurs in sleep and in other altered states of consciousness, such as free association during the process of psychoanalytic therapy, may be produced in a relatively simple fashion during transcendental meditation. An impressive aspect of this phenomenon is that, during the meditation, the intense emotional affect that would ordinarily accompany this...
July 12, 2017 Leon S. Otis 31 citations
This chapter describes a study done at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) to determine what, if any, are the negative effects of transcendental meditation (TM). It summarizes an experiment conducted at SRI to determine whether people who adopted the practice of TM were a self-selected population or whether a relatively disinterested random sample of volunteers could realize the benefits claimed...
July 12, 2017 Akira Kasamatsu
In this chapter, the authors present the results of their experiments in detail and discuss some of the electrographic characteristics in which the mental state in Zen-sitting will be reflected. In clinical practice, electroencephalogram often becomes a good neufophysiological method to find out the disturbance of consciousness. According to the instructions of Zen meditation, the regulation of...
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia July 11, 2017 Stanisław Radoń
Neuropsychological findings suggest that mindfulness state (meditation state) can be shown as higher state of consciousness, which differs from relaxation state (requires much more energy) and alertness (domination of parasympathetic activation). At the higher level of meditation (low demand for energy), there occur increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left insula and...