Psychedelics are mind-altering substances that have shown promising effects in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders owing to their antidepressant, anxiolytic and antiaddictive effects. However, data on their developmental toxicity is scarce, which might hinder its therapeutic suitability, and preclinical data on their behavioral effects is mainly restricted to rodents. In this context,...
Background: Lucid dreaming (LD) is a state in which individuals become aware that they are dreaming and can exert control over their dream content. Equanimity (EQU) refers to a state of psychological stability, where one remains calm, balanced, and non-reactive in the face of stress or adversity. While LD has been linked to emotional regulation, its predictive relationship with EQU remains...
This study examines the ontological tension in the debate between John R. Searle and Daniel C. Dennett regarding the relationship between language and consciousness, and then proposes the model of computational language and thought language as a new analytical framework. Computational language is understood as a syntactic, algorithm-based language without intentionality. Conversely, thought...
Psychedelic research is progressing at breakneck speed and is creating new challenges for drug developers, regulatory authorities, and legislators. Most “classic” psychedelics undergoing clinical investigation are C-I controlled drugs with perceived high potential for abuse and no medical use. These and next-generation psychedelic drug-candidates require scientific and clinical assessment of...
The article explores the challenges of applying philosophical and neuroscientific theories of consciousness to artificial intelligence (AI) architectures, particularly large language models (LLMs). It argues that most of these theories were developed to explain biological consciousness and therefore cannot be seamlessly mapped onto artificial systems without risking oversimplified or unfounded...
The article analyzes David Dubrovsky’s approach to informational causation in comparison with research on mental causation in the analytic philosophy of mind. Central to this analysis is the question of whether consciousness and mental properties can serve as causes of physical events. Building on Dubrovsky’s premise that his conceptual framework is commensurable with the terminology of...
This case study documents the integrative treatment of a woman with chronic schizophrenia, complex PTSD, and comorbid anxiety and depression, incarcerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Her primary symptoms included persistent hallucinations, trauma-driven nightmares, and emotional dysregulation. Traumatic themes of incest, supernatural forces, and violent dream figures dominated her inner...
Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to examine Kant’s first experience in creating a methodology for determining the holistic, spiritual nature of man, firstly, in terms of identifying the range of phenomena that should be included in the analysis of the spiritual essence of man, and secondly, this experience may be indicative for identifying dead ends in the research of spirituality of...
This article advances an integrative account of the evolutionary and neurocognitive foundations of religion, ideology, and storytelling, arguing that these cultural forms emerged as adaptive responses to the existential vulnerabilities engendered by higher-order consciousness. Synthesizing insights from evolutionary psychology, cognitive neuroscience, anthropology, and philosophy, it proposes...
Abstract This article frames the Noble Eightfold Path as a rigorously engineered method, a "technology" for diagnosing, reducing, and ultimately ceasing dukkha (unsatisfactoriness). Drawing on early discourses, the Path's eight factors are mapped to a three-layer architecture: sīla (ethical reliability) supplies system stability; samādhi (collectedness) delivers performance optimization by...