Antropologìčnì Vimìri Fìlosofsʹkih Doslìdžen'
May 20, 2020
V. M. Rubskyi
5 citations
Mutual perception of individuals requires examining anthropological assumptions about knowing another person's 'I'. Implicit metaphysical attitudes, universal across worldviews, underlie theories of personal communication. The evolutionary premise in anthropology leads to four levels of communication: background, obstacle, function, and dialogue. The first three levels do not require an individual 'I' and leave the existential self unclaimed. The philosophy of dialogue, as developed by Rosenzweig, Ebner, and Buber, reveals that materialistic reduction in anthropology cannot account for genuine interpersonal dialogue. Genuine communication between two existential 'I's is possible only within religious discourse, requiring a metaphysical space—a premise about God as the space of subjectivity in the 'I-You' dialogue. Materialistic conditioning by evolutionary needs reduces communicative inquiry, making mutual perception of two 'I's impossible.
Antropologìčnì Vimìri Fìlosofsʹkih Doslìdžen'
February 6, 2019
O. A. Bazaluk
5 citations
A new book by Bernardo Kastrup presents a rigorous formulation of idealism, arguing that reality is fundamentally experiential and that a universal phenomenal consciousness is the sole ontological primitive. Patterns of excitation in this consciousness constitute existence, and human beings are dissociated mental complexes within it, like islands surrounded by an ocean of mentation. Kastrup contrasts this idealist ontology with physicalism, microexperientialism, and cosmopsychism, and suggests that idealism may revive as the next paradigm, with universal mind as nature's sole fundamental entity.
Antropologìčnì Vimìri Fìlosofsʹkih Doslìdžen'
October 13, 2025
O. S. Pankratova
1 citation
Acts of empathy are intentional acts of consciousness directed toward other minds, forming a basis for studying intersubjectivity. The article argues that within the classical phenomenological tradition, empathic acts qualify as intentional, with a specific focus on accessing the mental reality of others. In contrast, the analytic tradition and early philosophy of consciousness do not treat such claims as obvious. However, contemporary discussions on embodied cognition increasingly view empathy as more promising for grounding social sciences and understanding other minds than approaches based on argument by analogy or inference to the best explanation. The analysis combines phenomenological and analytic traditions to reach a new level of generalization.
Antropologìčnì Vimìri Fìlosofsʹkih Doslìdžen'
October 14, 2025
A. O. Osypov
Immanuel Kant was among the first to prioritize the study of human nature over ontology and epistemology, but his dualistic methodology, shaped by a mechanistic worldview, prevented him from formulating a holistic concept of spiritual human nature. Kant's work "Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View" reveals contradictions between his dualistic position and intuitive assumptions about mind and soul, and he assumes corporeality without clarifying its role. The author argues that a true synthesis of essential human forces—corporeality, senses, feelings, thinking, values, and the Absolute—requires grounding in spiritual practice, drawing on M. Scheler's philosophical anthropology and insights from ancient Eastern, Christian medieval, and modern psychotherapeutic practices.
Antropologìčnì Vimìri Fìlosofsʹkih Doslìdžen'
May 20, 2020
A. V. Halapsis
Transhumanism contains a religious factor, as it grapples with themes of consciousness, the soul, and immortality. The article argues that robots may soon pass the Turing test and become 'electronic personalities,' but machine consciousness and self-awareness remain open questions. Humans will likely lose evolutionary competition with robots unless they change their nature, ceasing to be human in the classical sense. This necessitates a new posthuman anthropology. The history of man ends and the history of the posthuman begins. A digital copy of the soul would remain a copy, and substrate-independent mind cannot be isolated from the human body. Immortality is needed to resolve a religious issue, but the gods are unlikely to admit modified descendants.