Introduction Identifying a feasible model of chronic schizophrenia would be valuable for studying the possible underlying mechanism and to investigate emerging treatments. Our hypothesis starts from the observation that combining ketamine with isolation could result in long-lasting neuro-psychological deficits and schizophrenia-like features; thus, it could probably be used as the first model...
Ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, is used as a fast-acting antidepressant therapy in depressive disorders. This treatment provokes dissociative effects associating derealization and depersonalization, and a synaptogenic signaling cascade promoting brain plasticity. Despite several preliminary studies suggesting the usefulness of its combination with psychotherapy,...
Introduction Psychiatric emergencies in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are characterised by multiple types of symptoms including risk of self-harm and suicidal ideation. S-ketamine intranasally (Spravato) has recently been shown to help alleviate symptoms during depressive emergencies. In this case-series, we detail the clinical effects and usability of S-ketamine applied intranasally in a...
European PsychiatryJune 1, 2022M. Turki, O. Abidi, S. Ellouze et al.1 citation
Introduction Ketamine is routinely used for anesthetic induction because of its dissociative properties. Recently, it has attracted attention as a rapid-acting anti-depressant, but other studies have also reported its efficacy in the management of diverse psychiatric pathologies previously resistant to treatment. Objectives We aimed to review the efficacity of ketamine in the management of...
European PsychiatryJune 1, 2022A. Fraga, B. Mesquita, João Facucho-Oliveira et al.
Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent clinical condition with a leading cause of disability worldwide. The currently available therapeutic agents have important limitations regarding side effects, partial or non-responsiveness. Patients are considered to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD) if there is no effect or minimal effectiveness after receiving adequate...
Introduction There are some patients that remain resistant to treatment for major depressive disorder - who were treated with two or more different medications, and did not demonstrate any improvement in their mental-state. These patients can be treated with a new treatment – Esketamine. The recommended Esketamine treatment protocol includes 8-treatment sessions, each session lasts about two...
In this work, 1-[(2″-fluorophenyl)(methylimino)methyl]cyclopentan-1-ol (2-fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine) was identified as a suspected chemical precursor of 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q/TOF-MS) and comparing the data with those of ketamine and its chemical precursor,...
Sandra J Drozdz,1 Akash Goel,1â 3 Matthew W McGarr,4 Joel Katz,3,5â 7 Paul Ritvo,5,7 Gabriella F Mattina,1 Venkat Bhat,8â 10 Calvin Diep,3 Karim S Ladha1,3,10 1Department of Anesthesia, St. Michaelâs Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 3Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,...
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist, is a recently revitalized treatment for pain and depression, yet its actions at the molecular level remain incompletely defined. In this molecular-pharmacological investigation in the rat, we used short- and longer-term infusions of high dose ketamine to stimulate neuronal transcription processes. We hypothesized that a progressively...
Bipolar disorder (type 1) is a serious and chronic psychiatric illness that can be difficult to treat. Many bipolar patients have refractory depressive episodes. Racemic ketamine, a glutamate modulator with prominent dissociate and psychedelic properties, has been demonstrated to have rapid acting antidepressant and anti-obsessional effects which may be useful for treating the symptoms of...
With emerging information about the potential for morbidity and reduced life expectancy with long-term use of opioids, it is logical to evaluate nonopioid analgesic treatments to manage pain states. Combinations of drugs can provide additive and/or synergistic effects that can benefit the management of pain states. In this regard, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) modulate...
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant actions. Preclinical studies demonstrated that the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is essential for the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. However, the role of other neurotrophic factors in the...
Ketamine treatment decreases depressive symptoms within hours, but the mechanisms mediating these rapid antidepressant effects are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that activity of adult-born immature granule neurons (ABINs) in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus is both necessary and sufficient for the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. Ketamine treatment activates ABINs in parallel with...
This comparative analysis examines the trajectory of depression severity among patients treated with intravenous ketamine or intranasal esketamine in a clinical setting.
Discovered in the United States of America (USA) in the 1960s, ketamine was introduced as an anaesthetic drug to specifically replace phencyclidine. Briefly, the substance moved from the medical world to recreational users, since it was discovered that intense psychedelic experiences were obtained with dosages lower than those prescribed for anesthesia. At the end of the 90's, circulated in...
Summary: Background: (S)-ketamine is a glutamatergic drug with potent and rapid acting effects for the treatment of depression. Little is known about the effectiveness of intranasal (S)-ketamine for treating patients with comorbid depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: We performed a retrospective case series analysis of clinical outcomes in 35 Veterans with co-morbid...
Depression and anxiety outcome measures, safety/tolerability, patient satisfaction, and ease of implementation of group-based ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (G-KAP) delivered to patients in intensive residential eating disorder (ED) treatment were assessed. This study reports on five participants with a diagnosis of an ED and comorbid mood and anxiety disorders who received weekly...
INTRODUCTION: Ketamine is an established intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, long-term adverse effects with repeated doses remain insufficiently characterized. Although several animal models have shown N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonists to produce various neuropathological reactions, attention surrounding the risk of brain lesions has been minimal....
CNS SpectrumsMay 2, 2022F. L. Rocha, U. G. Cunha, D. Duarte et al.
Abstract Depression in older adults with multiple medical comorbidities can contribute to clinical deterioration, and increased mortality. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the first-line treatment for these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous (SC) ketamine as an alternative to ECT. We reviewed the medical records of all consecutive older...
Abstract Subanesthetic-dose racemic ( R,S )-ketamine (ketamine) produces rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and has also been shown to effectively treat neuropathic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, to date, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Preclinical...