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The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update June 1, 2025
Results of a systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that esketamine has only modest efficacy in the treatment of adults with treatment‐resistant depression, with initial improvement diminishing after the first few days. The results also suggest no effect of esketamine on suicidality.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics June 1, 2025 Zhibin Wang, Lili Jiang, Wenzhuang Ma et al. 8 citations
Despite being approved by the US FDA and the EU European Medicines Agency, the performance of esketamine nasal spray as an adjunctive therapy with an antidepressant in major depressive disorder is still controversial. Comprehensive retrieval in Embase, Pubmed, and Web of Science was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing esketamine nasal spray versus control in major...
Psychiatry Research June 1, 2025 Flávia Vieira, Ana Teresa Caliman-Fontes, Breno Souza-Marques et al.
Assessment measures for suicidal behavior range from depression scales to longer suicide-specific instruments. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss the currently used instruments for assessing suicidal behavior in the context of ketamine and its enantiomers. We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases for ketamine (and its enantiomers) human studies exploring...
CNS Drugs June 1, 2025 Sijia Zhang, Houtan Afshar, Peter J. Colvonen et al. 1 citation
Ketamine and esketamine are increasingly used to manage treatment-resistant depression and have also been shown to reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Little is known about how common comorbidities in the veteran population, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), may influence ketamine and esketamine treatment outcomes. In this retrospective...
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy May 27, 2025 Mariana V F Echegaray, Rodrigo P Mello, Guilherme M. Magnavita et al. 11 citations
Abstract Objective Ketamine and esketamine have both shown significant antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and conflicting evidence suggests that dissociation induced by these drugs could be a clinical predictor of esketamine/ketamine's efficacy. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of data from a two-center, randomized, controlled trial. Participants were...
Trials May 26, 2025 Midas N de Grunt, Nurseda Risvanoglu, Johannes A Siegers et al. 1 citation
Although fentanyl and esketamine, administered intravenously (IV) or intranasally (IN), are standard of care for treatment of acute traumatic pain in the prehospital setting in the Netherlands, comparative evidence regarding their efficacy and safety is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of fentanyl IN, esketamine IV and esketamine IN as compared to fentanyl...
iScience May 16, 2025 Shouyi Chen, Liurong Lin, Qian Zhou et al. 2 citations
Choking cough during awakening from anesthesia is common (15%-94%) and can cause severe discomfort and complications, especially in neck surgery. This study compared the median effective concentration (EC50) of remifentanil combined with esketamine versus remifentanil alone for suppressing cough during extubation in male patients undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery. Group E received 0.25...
Neuropharmacology May 15, 2025 Mu Xu, Jialiang Wang, Jia Shi et al. 4 citations
Esketamine (ES) has been shown to confer neuroprotection partly by exerting anti-inflammation, alleviating oxidative stress, enhancing neuronal vitality, and promoting synaptic remodeling. Nonetheless, its precise function in SAE and the associated mechanisms are not understood. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of ES at behavioral, structural, and functional levels...
Neuropharmacology May 15, 2025 Yazhou Wen, Jin Zhou, Huiling Yu et al. 2 citations
Prenatal stress leads to postpartum depression and is associated with developmental issues in offspring. Esketamine quickly and effectively prevents or treats postpartum depression. However, the long-term effects of esketamine on progeny development are unknown. CRS during pregnancy was used to establish the postpartum depression animal model. After confirming pregnancy, all mice were randomly...
Pharmaceuticals May 9, 2025 Ilaria Ammendolia, Carmen Mannucci, Emanuela Esposito et al. 2 citations
Background/Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder, with a significant portion of patients developing treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Esketamine is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor indicated as a nasal spray in combination with other antidepressants for adults with TRD. Signals of suspected adverse reactions (SARs) to esketamine from the...
BMC Anesthesiology May 8, 2025 Guang-Qiu Zhu, Yu Wang, Xiao-Xia Wang et al. 1 citation
General anesthesia (GA) is the most accepted option for category-1 emergency cesarean sections (CSs). A low dose of esketamine has been used as an excellent adjunct to neuraxial anesthesia (NA) with little effect on newborns. However, literature on the use of esketamine for GA induction in emergency CS is limited. This case series describes our experience with an esketamine-based combined...
Neuroscience May 7, 2025 Murilo Barboza Fontoura, Jessica Leandra Oliveira da Rosa, Domenika Rubert Rossato et al. 3 citations
Addiction is a chronic condition that poses a serious public health challenge, particularly highlighted by the global opioid crisis involving drugs such as morphine (MORPH). One of the major obstacles in effective detoxification is the high relapse rate, with many individuals resuming drug use after withdrawal. Pharmacological treatments developed so far have generally shown limited efficacy in...
Environmental Science & Technology May 6, 2025 Si-Ying Li, Dongdong Ma, Wen-Jun Shi et al. 3 citations
Esketamine (ESK), a new psychoactive substance known for its strong hallucinogenic effect, has been detected in surface water worldwide. The toxicity of ESK to fish at a certain environmental concentration remains unclear. In this study, zebrafish embryos and ZF4 cells were exposed to ESK (0, 0.12, 1.02, and 10.6 μg L-1, marked by SC, LC, MC, and HC, respectively) for 14 days post fertilization...
The European Journal of Psychiatry May 2, 2025 Josep Antoni Ramos‐quiroga, Fernando Mora, Silvia Arostegui et al. 4 citations
Pharmacological management of major depressive disorder has traditionally relied on antidepressants targeting the monoaminergic pathway. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients have been frequently excluded from registrational trials, resulting in a lack of clear clinical recommendations for an optimised management. In recent years, treatments based on other mechanisms of action have been...
Medicine May 2, 2025 Xiaobo Bi, Junchao Dai, Jin Li 8 citations
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single intravenous injection of esketamine during general anesthesia on postoperative anxiety and depression in patients with thyroid cancer. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, eighty female patients with thyroid cancer were scheduled to undergo surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly...
Journal of Affective Disorders May 1, 2025 Xiaohui Zhou, Li Zhang, Weiwei Gao et al. 4 citations
Depression is a common and serious psychiatric disorder with significant impacts on individuals. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is an established treatment for severe and treatment-resistant depression, but its cognitive side effects, particularly memory impairments, limit its use. Esketamine (ESK), an FDA-approved antidepressant, has shown neuroprotective effects. However, its role...
Advances in Therapy May 1, 2025 Patricio Molero, Angela Ibañez, Javier de Diego-Adeliño et al. 8 citations
The INTEGRATE study aimed to provide information on the use, effectiveness, and safety of esketamine nasal spray (ESK-NS) for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in real-world practice in Spain. This was an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study conducted in adults aged 18-74 years who met the criteria for TRD. The weekly impact of ESK-NS on depressive symptoms...
New Discovery April 30, 2025 Jia-Qi Liu, Chen Zhou
Depression is a severe and recurrent neuropsychiatric disease with high prevalence, disability, and mortality, which imposes a heavy burden on national public health and the economy. Traditional antidepressants demonstrate delayed effects, low cure rates, and inadequate therapeutic effectiveness for managing treatment-resistant depression. Numerous studies have proved that esketamine, a...
Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets April 29, 2025 Meng Wang, Qian Ma, Wenjuan Wang et al. 1 citation
Esketamine has shown promise in mitigating tissue damage caused by ischemia- reperfusion injury, making it a potential therapeutic candidate for acute lung injury (ALI) induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR-ALI). This study sought to explore the role and mechanism of esketamine in the LIR-ALI rat model. The effects of esketamine on the LIR-ALI rats model were evaluated through...
Journal of Psychopharmacology April 25, 2025 Jolien Ke Veraart, Sanne Y Smith-Apeldoorn, Annemarie van der Meij et al. 6 citations
Oral esketamine for patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) could offer certain advantages over other routes, such as intravenous or intranasal, but it has not been systematically studied in a real-world setting. Here we present results from a relatively large naturalistic study to evaluate the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of oral esketamine in patients with TRD. One...