Esketamine (ESK), a new psychoactive substance known for its strong hallucinogenic effect, has been detected in surface water worldwide. The toxicity of ESK to fish at a certain environmental concentration remains unclear. In this study, zebrafish embryos and ZF4 cells were exposed to ESK (0, 0.12, 1.02, and 10.6 μg L-1, marked by SC, LC, MC, and HC, respectively) for 14 days post fertilization...
The presence of psychoactive stimulatory drugs in raw waters used for drinking water production and in finished drinking water was evaluated in a Spanish drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). Contamination of the river basin which provides raw water to this DWTP was also studied. In surface waters, illicit drugs such as cocaine, benzoylecgonine (cocaine metabolite), amphetamine,...