Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice
December 2018
Michael Proeve, Rebekah Anton, Maura Kenny
The tendency to experience shame or guilt is associated differentially with anxiety and depression, with shame being associated with greater psychopathology. Correlational studies have shown self-compassion to be related to lower shame and rumination, and mindfulness-based interventions increase self-compassion. Therefore, mindfulness-based interventions may decrease shame. This pilot study...
Psychiatry Research
December 2018
Louise Stephanie, Rossell Susan L, Toh Wei Lin et al.
Mindfulness-based interventions show promise in the treatment of psychotic symptoms. From a theoretical perspective, there may be several benefits of mindfulness for individuals who experience hearing voices. Related cross-sectional findings suggest mindfulness may protect against distress, disruption, negative beliefs, dysfunctional relational style and responding, and mood symptoms for...
The American Journal of Medicine
December 2018
Jabril Eldufani, Alireza Nekoui, Gilbert Blaise
Ketamine is considered a dissociative anesthetic medication, and it is commonly administered by a parenteral route. It works mainly by blocking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. It inhibits the voltage-gated Na and K channels and serotonin and dopamine reuptake; also, it affects specific receptors, such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, kainate, and aminobutyric acid A...
Journal of Affective Disorders
December 1, 2018
Elizabeth D. Ballard, Julia S Yarrington, Cristan A Farmer et al.
No pharmacological treatments exist for active suicidal ideation (SI), but the glutamatergic modulator ketamine elicits rapid changes in SI. We developed data-driven subgroups of SI trajectories after ketamine administration, then evaluated clinical, demographic, and neurobiological factors that might predict SI response to ketamine. Data were pooled from five clinical ketamine trials....
Journal of Psychopharmacology
December 1, 2018
Marcela Ot'Alora G, Jim Grigsby, Bruce Poulter et al.
232 citations
Posttraumatic stress disorder often does not resolve after conventional psychotherapies or pharmacotherapies. Pilot studies have reported that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) combined with psychotherapy reduces posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. This pilot dose response trial assessed efficacy and safety of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy across multiple therapy teams. Twenty-eight...
Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice
November 2018
Inger Burnett-Zeigler, Elizabeth M Waldron, Sunghyun Hong et al.
We evaluated the feasibility of using an activity monitor to support mindfulness practice, reduce self-reported stress and physiological indicators of stress. Adult women (N = 19) who previously participated in a mindfulness intervention wore an activity monitor for eight-weeks. The activity monitor notified them when they were stressed (based on standard deviation pulse pressure). Heart rate...
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
November 2018
Michael Berk, Collen Loo, Christopher G. Davey et al.
There is an urgent need for rapidly acting antidepressants. Current therapies share a delayed onset of action, contrasting with drugs of abuse that have rapid psychotropic effects but cause tolerance and dependence. A key uncertainty is whether there is a finite speed limit imposed by the critical role of homeostatic adaptive mechanisms that underpin the efficacy and onset of available...
Psychiatry Research
November 2018
Fan Zhang, Jie Luo, Xianlin Zhu
Some studies have indicated that ketamine has a rapid antidepressant effects, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Researchers have found that mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and its precursor proBDNF are related to depression; they elicit opposite effects on cellular functions. It is clear that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a key regulatory element...
British Journal of Anaesthesia
November 2018
George A. Mashour, A Ben Abdallah, K O Pryor et al.
Ketamine is a general anaesthetic with anti-depressant effects at subanaesthetic doses. We hypothesised that intraoperative administration of ketamine would prevent or mitigate postoperative depressive symptoms in surgical patients. We conducted an international, randomised clinical trial testing the effects of intraoperative administration of ketamine [0.5 mg kg-1 (Lo-K) or 1.0 mg kg-1 (Hi-K)]...
Neuropharmacology
November 1, 2018
Robin Carhart-Harris
The entropic brain hypothesis proposes that within upper and lower limits, after which consciousness may be lost, the entropy of spontaneous brain activity indexes the informational richness of conscious states. Here the hypothesis is revisited four years on from its original publication. It is shown that the principle that the entropy of brain activity is elevated in the psychedelic state is...